| PA | demography and epidemiology b-out d-out qh |
| NT | +PBe demography qh ah | |
| +PDe epidemiology qh ah | ||
| RT | +RJ study subject qh ah |
| PBe | demography d-out qh |
| SN | The study of the structure of human populations, their distributions, and their dynamic aspects. For demographic variables or characteristics, use *+T demographic characteristics* qh ah.BTdemography and epidemiology | |
| BT | +M social sciences, economics, and law qh ah | |
| +PA demography and epidemiology qh ah | ||
| RT | +JA2.2e health services research qh ah | |
| +MAe sociology and anthropology qh ah | ||
| +Te demographic characteristics qh ah |
| PB2 | population measurement qh |
| PB2.2 | . vital statistics qh |
| PB2.4 | . population census qh |
| BT | +RL2e population study qh ah |
| PB4 | demographic change qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| RT | +MJe sociocultural change qh ah | |
| +PN2 temporal distribution qh ah |
| PB4.4 | . population growth or decline qh |
| PB6e | population dynamics qh |
| PB6.2e | . life expectancy qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| RT | ED6.8 biological longevity qh ah |
| PB6.4 | . nuptiality rate qh |
| ST | marriage rate |
| PB6.4.2 | . . average age at marriage qh |
| PB6.6 | . abortion rate qh |
| PB6.8 | . birth rate qh |
| SN | The number of live births occurring in a population in a given period in relation to population size, usually expressed as live births per 1000 per year. | |
| ST | natality rate |
| PB6.10 | . fertility rate qh |
| SN | The number of births in a given period in relation to the number of women of reproductive age, usually expressed as births per 1000 women per year. Specific fertility rates may be computed for maternal age, parity, marriage duration, etc. | |
| RT | +ES2e fertility qh ah | |
| GJ2.8e miscarriage qh ah | ||
| GS4.2.2.4e infertility qh ah | ||
| HS4.2e contraception qh ah | ||
| HV10e abortion qh ah | ||
| +LG8 family size qh ah |
| PB6.10.2 | . . childbearing pattern qh |
| PB6.12e | . mortality qh |
| SN | The number of deaths occurring in a population in a given period in relation to population size, usually expressed as deaths per 1000 per year.
Use this term for documents that discuss mortality in general or mortality from all causes. When mortality from disease is discussed, use *PB6.12.6 disease mortality* qh ah. | |
| ST | cause of death | |
| death rate | ||
| mortality rate | ||
| RT | ED6.6 biological death qh ah | |
| LJ10e death qh ah | ||
| +MM26.14e homicide qh ah |
| PB6.12.2e | . . AODR mortality qh |
| SN | Use this descriptor or its narrower terms for documents specifically dealing with mortality from AOD use itself or from accidents involving AOD use. For mortality from an AOD use disorder (AODD) or AODR disorder, use both this descriptor and *PB6.12.6 disease mortality* qh ah. | |
| ST | AODR death rate | |
| RT | MQ14.2e insurance cost due to AODU qh ah |
| PB6.12.2.2e | . . . AODR fetal or infant mortality qh |
| BT | +PB6.12.4e fetal or infant mortality qh ah |
| PB6.12.2.4e | . . . AOD overdose mortality qh |
| PB6.12.2.6e | . . . mortality from long-term AODE qh |
| PB6.12.2.8e | . . . AODR suicide mortality qh |
| SN | Use this term for suicide mortality directly linked to AOD use. | |
| BT | +PB6.12.8 suicide mortality qh ah |
| PB6.12.2.10e | . . . AODR accident mortality qh |
| BT | +ANe AODR interpersonal and societal problems qh ah | |
| +AN8e societal AODR problems qh ah | ||
| +OR12.2 AOD use as accident factor qh ah | ||
| +PB6.12.10e accident mortality qh ah | ||
| RT | +OR8.12.2e traffic accident qh ah |
| PB6.12.4e | . . fetal or infant mortality qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| ST | perinatal mortality | |
| NT | PB6.12.2.2e AODR fetal or infant mortality qh ah | |
| BT | +TA12.2e infant qh ah |
| PB6.12.6e | . . disease mortality qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| SN | Combine this term with the appropriate disorder or disease. If the disorder is an AOD use disorder (AODD) or an AODR disorder, use this descriptor and *+PB6.12.2 AODR mortality* qh ah. | |
| ST | disease fatality rate | |
| RT | +G health and disease qh ah | |
| +PB6.12e mortality qh ah | ||
| +PB6.12.2e AODR mortality qh ah |
| PB6.12.8 | . . suicide mortality qh |
| NT | PB6.12.2.8e AODR suicide mortality qh ah | |
| BT | +FS62.4.2e suicide qh ah |
| PB6.12.10e | . . accident mortality qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| SN | Mortality rates due to vehicular accidents or accidental poisoning. | |
| ST | accident fatality rate | |
| NT | PB6.12.2.10e AODR accident mortality qh ah | |
| RT | +OR8e accident qh ah |
| PB6.14e | . migration qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| SN | Includes concepts such as forced or mass migration, immigration, emigration |
| PDe | epidemiology d-out qh |
| SN | The study of the frequency, distribution, and causation of disease--both infectious and noninfectious--in a population, based upon the investigation of factors in the physical and social environment.
Other biological and social phenomena, apart from disease, also may be studied from an epidemiologic point of view, such as the epidemiology of accidents.
Alcohol epidemiology describes and explains the distribution of alcohol use, abuse, and dependence, and associated health and social consequences. Using surveillance data gathered from alcohol sales information, U.S. vital statistics, and hospital records, alcohol epidemiologists track alcohol consumption and the problems that can occur with drinking. Population-based survey studies examine the context, volume, and specific patterns that lead to particular alcohol-related problems. The knowledge gained from epidemiologic studies can serve two purposes. First, it provides a foundation for monitoring health, developing and evaluating prevention and treatment approaches for alcohol use problems, and establishing alcohol-related social policies. Second, it serves as a basis for future studies exploring mechanisms that may explain data observations. | |
| NT | +GA10e etiology qh ah | |
| BT | +E concepts in biomedical areas qh ah | |
| +PA demography and epidemiology qh ah | ||
| RT | FR8e knowledge, attitudes, and practices qh ah | |
| +GA4e public health qh ah | ||
| +GA6e disorder analysis qh ah | ||
| +JA2.2e health services research qh ah | ||
| +JA4e health care in general qh ah | ||
| +JA6.6e risk factors qh ah | ||
| +RCe research and evaluation method qh ah | ||
| +Te demographic characteristics qh ah |
| PD2e | epidemiological indicators qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Indicators that lead to an estimate of the incidence or prevalence of a disorder or condition. | |
| RT | MK2e social indicators qh ah |
| PD4 | perspectives in epidemiology qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| PD4.2 | . classical epidemiology qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Classical epidemiology derives from a medical orientation. It traces the spread of a disease or phenomenon through a population. |
| PD4.4 | . psychiatric epidemiology qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Uses classical epidemiology but adds diagnostic confirmational criteria to validate and further describe the phonomenon under study. Considers that in the spread of drug abuse the willingness of the host to participate, at least at first, is a factor. |
| PD4.6 | . social epidemiology qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Social epidmiology focuses on the differences among subgroups in the spread of a disease or phenomenon and on charting trends. For example, social epidemiological studies of drug use provide a picture of who is using what, at what frequency, and with what acute consequences. Social epidmiology is generally survey-based and is focused on a large geopolitical area rather than a single community. |
| PD4.8 | . community epidemiology qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Community epidemiology examines the spread of a disease or phenomenon in the context of the many factors at work within a community. It integrates various indicators of drug abuse. It uses data on morbidity, mortality, treatment, public health, ethnography, law enforcement, and surveys. |
| PD6e | morbidity qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 1995. | |
| SN | Combine this term or one of its appropriate narrower terms with the appropriate disease or social problem.
Within a given population, the number of cases of a disorder recorded as of a stated point in time or over a stated period. Thus, morbidity may be expressed as the number of new cases arising (*PD6.2 incidence* qh ah) or the number of cases existing, whether old or newly arisen (*PD6.4 prevalence* qh ah). | |
| ST | disease rate | |
| incidence and prevalence | ||
| RT | +OR8e accident qh ah |
| PD6.2e | . incidence qh |
| SN | Number of new cases of a disorder in a given population in a given period. | |
| ST | attack rate | |
| disorder incidence | ||
| RT | +JB4.4.2 prevention of new cases of disorder qh ah |
| PD6.4e | . prevalence qh |
| SN | Number of people who have a disease at any time in a given population in a given period. | |
| ST | disorder prevalence | |
| RT | +AN8.4 AOD use and driving qh ah | |
| JB4.4.4 reduce existing cases of disorder qh ah |
| PD6.6e | . comorbidity qh |
| SN | The incidence and prevalence within a population of multiple pathologies within the same person. This is a narrower concept of *+GA2.8.8.4 multiple pathologies* qh ah. | |
| BT | +GA2.8.8.4e multiple pathologies qh ah | |
| RT | AA2.6e multiple drug use qh ah | |
| GC12e dual diagnosis qh ah |
| PD8 | epidemiological population pattern qh |
| RT | +PN2 temporal distribution qh ah | |
| PT2 geographic distribution qh ah |
| PD10 | prospect for disease eradication qh |
| PD12 | epidemiological method qh |
| BT | +RCe research and evaluation method qh ah | |
| RT | +ND10.12e geographic information systems qh ah |
| PD12.2 | . identification of new disease qh |
| PD12.4 | . disease tracking qh |
| PD12.6 | . case finding qh |
| PD12.6.2 | . . epidemiological bias qh |
| RT | RL10.4e sampling bias qh ah | |
| RM22.2.2 observer variation qh ah |
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