| G | health and disease b-out d-out qh |
| SN | In this section, *+GA2 state of health* qh ah is understood broadly to refer to a subject's physical and/or
mental state. The term *+GA2.8 impaired health* qh ah is used in the sense of a prolonged or permanent
state of poor or less-than-optimal health. Both *+GA2.8.6 dysfunction* qh ah and *+GA2.8.8 illness*
qh ah refer to the state of life processes, rather than to a subject's state. *+GA2.8.6 dysfunction*
qh ah indicates the absence of normal functioning, or abnormal functioning. "Disorders" are
considered to have a clinically recognizable set of symptoms or behavior that in most cases is associated with distress and with interference with functions at the individual level. This may
include the concept of "disease." *GA2.8.8.2 syndrome* qh ah refers only to a set of symptoms
that occur together.
In accordance with the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases, the term "disorder" is used in most cases to avoid problems inherent in the use of terms such as "disease" and "illness." In developing this section, the principal authoritative source used was the International Classification of Diseases, 9th and l0th Revisions, and the International Dictionary of Medicine and Biology. | |
| RT | FR16.4 health-related beliefs qh ah | |
| +FR16.6e attitude towards illness or disability qh ah | ||
| +J prevention, treatment, and maintenance. health care qh ah | ||
| +JPe treatment and maintenance qh ah | ||
| +JT14.4.10e special hospital qh ah | ||
| PB6.12.6e disease mortality qh ah | ||
| +TK4.4e disabled qh ah | ||
| +TK4.4.4e physically disabled qh ah | ||
| +TL status by disorder or victimization qh ah |
| GA | general concepts of health and disease d-out qh |
| RT | +JA2.2e health services research qh ah | |
| +JA4e health care in general qh ah |
| GA2e | state of health qh |
| ST | health status | |
| personal health | ||
| RT | +EA18e stress qh ah | |
| +G health and disease qh ah | ||
| HB6.8 personal problem as AODD indicator qh ah | ||
| +JH4e health related behavior qh ah | ||
| JN2.6 patient state qh ah | ||
| LH2e quality of life qh ah | ||
| MN12.6e legal competency qh ah |
| GA2.2e | . physical health qh |
| ST | organic health | |
| physical condition | ||
| NT | GA2.8.2.2e physical disability qh ah |
| GA2.2.2e | . . physical activity qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 1995. | |
| SN | This is a broad term referring to the general activity level of an individual or animal study subject. *JH4.6.2 physical exercise* qh ah refers to applied or routinized physical activity. | |
| ST | activity level | |
| NT | JH4.6.2e physical exercise qh ah | |
| RT | +FFe state of consciousness qh ah | |
| GG2 motility disorder qh ah | ||
| +LN32e leisure activity qh ah | ||
| +OZe sports qh ah |
| GA2.2.2.2 | . . . active state qh |
| RT | FR14.2 decreased or increased activity qh ah | |
| +GZ2.6.4 psychomotor agitation qh ah | ||
| +GZ12e childhood hyperkinetic syndrome qh ah |
| GA2.2.2.4 | . . . inactive state qh |
| ST | resting state | |
| RT | +EA16 biological relaxation qh ah | |
| +EA22.4 biological rest qh ah |
| GA2.4e | . mental health qh |
| SN | Relatively enduring state of adjustment in which people have feelings of well-being, are realizing their abilities, and coping with everyday demands without excessive stress. | |
| ST | emotional health | |
| psychological health | ||
| NT | GA2.8.2.4e mental disability qh ah | |
| LG16.2.2 parental mental health qh ah | ||
| RT | FB12.18e clinical psychology qh ah | |
| +FM adjustment qh ah | ||
| +GZe behavioral and mental disorder qh ah | ||
| +HH16e psychiatric status rating scales qh ah |
| GA2.6 | . good health qh |
| ST | healthiness | |
| well-being | ||
| wellness |
| GA2.6.2 | . . subjective well-being qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| GA2.8e | . impaired health qh |
| SN | Use *+GA2.8 impaired health* qh ah when no narrower term is applicable. | |
| ST | impairment | |
| poor health | ||
| unwellness | ||
| NT | +AM6e AOD impairment qh ah | |
| +GL2.4.4 impaired motor coordination qh ah | ||
| +GW8.4.2e impaired visual acuity qh ah | ||
| RT | +G health and disease qh ah |
| GA2.8.2e | . . disability qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| SN | Physical, mental, or sensory impairments that render major life activities more difficult. | |
| ST | handicap | |
| handicapping condition | ||
| RT | +TK4.4e disabled qh ah |
| GA2.8.2.2e | . . . physical disability qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| ST | physical handicap | |
| BT | +GA2.2e physical health qh ah | |
| RT | +TK4.4.4e physically disabled qh ah |
| GA2.8.2.4e | . . . mental disability qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| ST | intellectual deficiency | |
| intellectual impairment | ||
| mental handicap | ||
| BT | +GA2.4e mental health qh ah | |
| RT | +GY6e mental retardation qh ah | |
| +TK4.4.6e mentally disabled qh ah | ||
| TK4.4.6.2e mentally retarded qh ah |
| GA2.8.2.6 | . . . developmental disability qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| RT | +GJe developmental disorder qh ah | |
| +GJ2.16e chemical intrauterine disorder qh ah | ||
| TK4.4.2e developmentally disabled qh ah |
| GA2.8.4e | . . biological or mental abnormality qh |
| GA2.8.6e | . . dysfunction qh |
| ST | functional disorders | |
| functional disturbance | ||
| RT | +EH body system or organ function qh ah | |
| +G health and disease qh ah |
| GA2.8.6.2 | . . . hyperfunction qh |
| NT | GV6.2 pituitary hyperfunction qh ah | |
| +GV14.2.4 adrenal cortical hyperfunction qh ah |
| GA2.8.6.4 | . . . hypofunction qh |
| RT | +GQ8e pancreatic disorder qh ah |
| GA2.8.6.4.2 | . . . . functional insufficiency qh |
| RT | +GQ8e pancreatic disorder qh ah | |
| +GQ10e liver disorder qh ah | ||
| +GQ12e biliary and gallbladder disorder qh ah |
| GA2.8.6.4.4 | . . . . functional failure qh |
| RT | +EH body system or organ function qh ah | |
| GN4e sudden infant death syndrome qh ah |
| GA2.8.8 | . . illness qh |
| ST | ailment | |
| organic disease | ||
| organic disorders | ||
| pathology | ||
| physical disorders | ||
| RT | +G health and disease qh ah | |
| +GZe behavioral and mental disorder qh ah |
| GA2.8.8.2 | . . . syndrome qh |
| SN | A group of related symptoms that typically occur together; the pattern of symptoms that characterize a particular disorder or disease; a symptom complex. The components need not all be present together or with the same intensity. | |
| BT | +GA6.4e disorder definition qh ah | |
| RT | +G health and disease qh ah |
| GA2.8.8.4e | . . . multiple pathologies qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 1995. | |
| SN | Multiple pathologies within the same person. | |
| ST | coexisting disorders | |
| multiple disorders | ||
| NT | GC12e dual diagnosis qh ah | |
| PD6.6e comorbidity qh ah | ||
| RT | JN4.2e differential diagnosis qh ah |
| GA4e | public health qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 1995. | |
| SN | A field of medicine that deals with the physical and mental health of the community, particularly in such areas as water supply, waste disposal, air pollution, and food safety. | |
| ST | community health | |
| NT | JD6e public health prevention model qh ah | |
| BT | +MK10e social problems qh ah | |
| RT | +GH16e communicable disease qh ah | |
| +HS8e immunization qh ah | ||
| HS8.2 vaccination qh ah | ||
| JF2e government-sponsored prevention qh ah | ||
| +JH health-related prevention qh ah | ||
| +JH2 health information and education qh ah | ||
| JH2.6 personal hygiene education qh ah | ||
| +JH4.6 healthful behavior qh ah | ||
| +JH10.6e communicable disease control qh ah | ||
| +JQ health care area qh ah | ||
| MP18.6e public policy on health qh ah | ||
| +OR safety and accidents qh ah | ||
| OR4.4 environmental safety qh ah | ||
| +OR4.8e consumer product safety qh ah | ||
| +PDe epidemiology qh ah |
| GA6e | disorder analysis qh |
| SN | In accordance with the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases, the term "disorder" is given preference in this thesaurus to avoid problems inherent in the use of terms such as "disease" and "illness." | |
| RT | +AJe theory of AODU qh ah | |
| +PDe epidemiology qh ah |
| GA6.2e | . clinical aspects qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | A broad term denoting symptoms, diagnostic criteria, and aspects of the natural history of a disease. | |
| ST | clinical characteristics | |
| BT | +GA12e natural history of disease qh ah |
| GA6.4e | . disorder definition qh |
| ST | disease definition | |
| NT | GA2.8.8.2 syndrome qh ah | |
| RT | +AA2e AOD use qh ah | |
| +RE6e clinical study qh ah |
| GA6.4.2e | . . diagnostic criteria qh |
| RT | +HA screening and diagnostic method qh ah | |
| +JG26e identification and screening qh ah | ||
| +JN4e diagnosis qh ah | ||
| JN4.2e differential diagnosis qh ah |
| GA6.6e | . disorder classification qh |
| ST | diagnostic classification | |
| disease classification | ||
| disease taxonomy | ||
| disease typology | ||
| nosology | ||
| NT | +GC18e alcohol use disorder classification qh ah | |
| RT | AJ4.2e disease theory of AODU qh ah |
| GA8 | disease model qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Explanatory models of disease. A disease model is the basis for devising an approach to treatment or *HJ2.2 treatment model* qh ah. | |
| NT | +AJe theory of AODU qh ah | |
| RT | HJ2.2e treatment model qh ah | |
| +RS2e scientific model qh ah |
| GA8.2 | . biopsychosocial disease model qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| ST | biopsychosocial model of disease | |
| multidimensional disease model | ||
| NT | +AJ2e biopsychosocial AOD use disorder theory qh ah | |
| RT | +GA10.6 multiple disease cause qh ah |
| GA8.4e | . transactional disease model qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Assumes that a disease is caused by a probabilistic interaction of multiple factors and that the disease develops through a transactional sequence, an etiological chain of linked transactions. It
recognizes that one must simultaneously examine the individual, environmental, and transactional elements as precursors to emotional and behavioral disorder. The paradigm also suggests that one
can conceptualize risk exclusively in terms of one's potential for the end-state condition of interest or in terms of one's potential for experiencing one or more of the proximal or marker outcomes
defining its pathogenic path.
The paradigm suggests that end-state conditions will be avoided through replacement or alteration of an otherwise occurring pathogenic sequence. Thus prevention must focus on the processes that lead to the undesirable outcomes rather than the outcomes themselves. This requires detailed knowledge of the etiological chain. | |
| ST | transactional framework | |
| transactional paradigm | ||
| transactional perspective |
| GA8.6e | . medical model qh |
| SN | Explanatory models that tend to define and explain mental disorders, especially AOD abuse or dependence, in medical, not social, terms. | |
| ST | medical disease model | |
| NT | AJ4.2e disease theory of AODU qh ah | |
| RT | +GA10.2.2 biological disease cause qh ah | |
| +HM medical treatment method qh ah |
| GA8.8e | . psychosocial disease model qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| ST | psychosocial model of disease | |
| RT | +HZe psychosocial treatment method qh ah |
| GA8.8.2 | . . psychological disease model qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| ST | psychological model of disease | |
| NT | +AJ6e psychological AOD use disorder theory qh ah | |
| RT | +GA10.2.4 psychological disease cause qh ah |
| GA8.8.4e | . . social disease model qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | In the social model of disease, the individual's problem is seen as intertwined with social network, overall lifestyle and underlying values, as well as the biological basis of the disease. This view is the basis for a model of rehabilitation for AOD dependence. Values and practices education through experiential peer support not by instruction. Structure is based on the 12 traditions of AA. Differs from the medical model approach. Physical environment is homelike versus institutional; staff role is peer versus hierarchical relationship; basis of authority is experiential versus professional; view of recovery is client versus staff driven; governance is participatory versus nonparticipatory; and community orientation is integration versus introduction. Therapeutic communities, halfway houses, Oxford House sober living systems have some elements of the social model program (SMP) within them but are not fully SMPs. SMPs do involve some community orientation. | |
| ST | social model approach | |
| social model of disease | ||
| social model of recovery | ||
| social model program | ||
| sociocultural model | ||
| RT | +GA10.4.4 sociocultural disease cause qh ah |
| GA8.8.6 | . . philosophical disease model qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| GA10e | etiology qh |
| SN | Studies or theories of the causes or origins of a disorder or disease. | |
| ST | disease cause | |
| NT | +AKe causes of AODU qh ah | |
| BT | +PDe epidemiology qh ah | |
| RT | +AJe theory of AODU qh ah | |
| +FV10e causal pathways qh ah | ||
| +GH disorder by cause qh ah | ||
| +JA6.6e risk factors qh ah | ||
| +JH4e health related behavior qh ah |
| GA10.2 | . internal disease cause qh |
| NT | +AK4e internal AODC qh ah | |
| RT | +GA10.8e disease factor qh ah |
| GA10.2.2 | . . biological disease cause qh |
| ST | biochemical disease cause | |
| physical disease cause | ||
| NT | +AK4.2e biological AODC qh ah | |
| BT | +E concepts in biomedical areas qh ah | |
| RT | EY12.2e hereditary factors qh ah | |
| +GA8.6e medical model qh ah | ||
| GH18.2e heritable disorder qh ah | ||
| +HF26.4e genetic markers qh ah |
| GA10.2.4 | . . psychological disease cause qh |
| ST | psychological factor | |
| NT | +AK4.4e psychological AODC qh ah | |
| BT | +FAe psychology qh ah | |
| RT | +GA8.8.2 psychological disease model qh ah |
| GA10.4 | . external disease cause qh |
| ST | environmental disease cause | |
| NT | +AK6e external AODC qh ah | |
| AK6.4e life circumstances as AODC qh ah | ||
| +AK6.6e interpersonal AODC qh ah | ||
| RT | +GA10.8e disease factor qh ah | |
| +LC2e interpersonal interaction qh ah | ||
| +LH4 life circumstances qh ah | ||
| +LKe life event qh ah | ||
| +TRe socioeconomic status qh ah |
| GA10.4.2 | . . physical environment as disease cause qh |
| NT | AK6.2 physical environment as AODC qh ah |
| GA10.4.4 | . . sociocultural disease cause qh |
| ST | cultural factor in disease | |
| social factor in disease | ||
| sociocultural factor in disease | ||
| socioeconomic factor in disease | ||
| NT | +AK6.8e sociocultural AODC qh ah | |
| BT | +MAe sociology and anthropology qh ah | |
| RT | GA8.8.4e social disease model qh ah | |
| +LG16e family environment qh ah |
| GA10.6 | . multiple disease cause qh |
| NT | AK2e multiple AODC qh ah | |
| RT | +GA8.2 biopsychosocial disease model qh ah |
| GA10.8e | . disease factor qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| SN | Use for factors related to the resistance to disease, factors aggravating disease, or factors ameliorating disease. Combine with *+GA10.2 internal disease cause* qh ah or *+GA10.4 external disease cause* qh ah or their narrower descriptors as needed. | |
| RT | +JA6 risk and protective factors qh ah | |
| +MT10.4 risk qh ah |
| GA10.8.2e | . . disease susceptibility qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| ST | disease antecedent | |
| liability to disease | ||
| vulnerability to disease | ||
| NT | AE8e AOD use susceptibility qh ah | |
| RT | +AE4.14e AOD sensitivity qh ah | |
| +HF26e biological markers qh ah | ||
| +JA6.6e risk factors qh ah | ||
| JN2.6 patient state qh ah |
| GA10.8.2.2e | . . . fetal vulnerability qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| ST | fetus vulnerability | |
| BT | +XE2.4e fetus qh ah | |
| RT | +ED4.16e gestation stage qh ah |
| GA10.8.2.4e | . . . fetal sensitivity qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| ST | fetus sensitivity | |
| BT | +XE2.4e fetus qh ah | |
| RT | +ED4.16e gestation stage qh ah |
| GA10.8.4 | . . resistance to disease qh |
| NT | AK8 resistance to AODD qh ah | |
| RT | +JA6.8e protective factors qh ah |
| GA10.10e | . disease transmission factor qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| RT | +FR24e sexual behavior qh ah | |
| +GH16e communicable disease qh ah | ||
| +JH4.8 personal hygiene qh ah | ||
| +JH10.6e communicable disease control qh ah |
| GA10.10.2e | . . needle sharing qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| RT | +GH16.12.20.2e HIV infection qh ah | |
| JH10.6.4e needle distribution and exchange qh ah |
| GA10.12e | . pathogenesis qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 1995. | |
| SN | Mechanisms, biochemical, and biological pathologic processes involved in the development of disease. | |
| NT | GG20.28.2e carcinogenesis qh ah | |
| BT | +GA12e natural history of disease qh ah | |
| RT | +GGe pathologic process qh ah |
| GA12e | natural history of disease qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| NT | +AHe natural history of AODU qh ah | |
| GA6.2e clinical aspects qh ah | ||
| +GA10.12e pathogenesis qh ah |
| GA12.2e | . disease onset qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 1995. | |
| ST | initiation of disorders | |
| RT | +AH12e age of AODU onset qh ah |
| GA12.2.2e | . . early disease onset qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| RT | AH12.2e early AODU onset qh ah |
| GA12.2.4e | . . late disease onset qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| RT | AH12.4e late AODU onset qh ah |
| GA12.4e | . disease course qh |
| SN | Included here are references to the progressive stages of disease development. | |
| RT | GA12.8.6 disease recurrence qh ah |
| GA12.4.2 | . . acute disease qh |
| GA12.4.4 | . . chronic disease qh |
| GA12.4.6e | . . disease stage qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| RT | JN4.4 disease staging qh ah |
| GA12.4.6.2 | . . . early disease qh |
| GA12.4.6.4 | . . . advanced disease qh |
| ST | late disease stage |
| GA12.4.6.6e | . . . terminal disease qh |
| ST | end stage disease |
| GA12.4.8e | . . disease complication qh |
| RT | JP12.8e treatment complications qh ah |
| GA12.4.10e | . . disease severity qh |
| NT | JB4.4.6.4 reduce the severity of disorder qh ah |
| GA12.4.12 | . . sequela qh |
| ST | disease sequela |
| GA12.6 | . adaptation to disease qh |
| RT | +AE4e AOD tolerance qh ah | |
| +EA22.2e biological adaptation qh ah | ||
| +FM adjustment qh ah |
| GA12.8e | . disease outcome qh |
| ST | conclusion of disease | |
| RT | +JL2e treatment goals qh ah | |
| +JP14e treatment outcome qh ah |
| GA12.8.2 | . . disease palliation qh |
| GA12.8.4e | . . remission qh |
| SN | The abatement or disappearance of the symptoms of a disease while the underlying condition still persists, as in a chronic or malignant disease. | |
| ST | disease remission | |
| dormant disease | ||
| inactive disease | ||
| spontaneous remission | ||
| temporary remission of disease | ||
| NT | AH18.2e spontaneous AODD remission qh ah | |
| RT | GA12.8.6 disease recurrence qh ah |
| GA12.8.4.2 | . . . remission by duration qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| GA12.8.4.2.2 | . . . . early remission qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | For alcohol dependence: longer than 1 month but less than 1 year. |
| GA12.8.4.2.4 | . . . . sustained remission qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | For alcohol dependence: 1 year or more |
| GA12.8.4.4 | . . . remission by degree qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| GA12.8.4.4.2 | . . . . partial remission qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | One or more symptoms present continuously or intermittently during the remission period |
| GA12.8.4.4.4 | . . . . full remission qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | No symptoms present during the remission period |
| GA12.8.6 | . . disease recurrence qh |
| SN | The reappearance of signs or symptoms of a disease after a period of remission (the diminution or abatement or lessening in severity of a disease). | |
| ST | recurrence of disease | |
| reincidence of disorder | ||
| RT | +GA12.4e disease course qh ah | |
| +GA12.8.4e remission qh ah | ||
| +GA12.8.16 relapse qh ah | ||
| JP14.8 treatment failure qh ah |
| GA12.8.8 | . . disease reversibility qh |
| RT | +EA22.6e biological repair qh ah |
| GA12.8.10 | . . cure of disease qh |
| SN | Complete removal of the pathogenic processes or conditions associated with a disease. | |
| ST | permanent remission of disease |
| GA12.8.12e | . . recovery from disease qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| ST | total recovery | |
| RT | +AH18e AODD recovery qh ah | |
| +EA22.6e biological repair qh ah |
| GA12.8.14 | . . convalescence qh |
| SN | The period between the end of an illness, operation, or injury and the patient's recovery to full health. |
| GA12.8.16 | . . relapse qh |
| SN | The return of signs or symptoms of a disease after a period of improvement. | |
| ST | client/patient relapse | |
| false cure | ||
| NT | +AH20e AODD relapse qh ah | |
| RT | GA12.8.6 disease recurrence qh ah | |
| JP22.6e relapse prevention qh ah | ||
| MM6.4e recidivism qh ah |
| GB | AODD and AODR disorder d-out qh |
| SN | *+GC AODD* qh ah are disorders that pertain to the actual use of an AOD substance or product, such as abuse and dependence, or to the immediate effects of these substances such as intoxication or withdrawal syndrome. *+GD AODR disorder* qh ah is the result of continued use of a substance, such as alcoholic liver cirrhosis or narcotic bowel syndrome. For physical or social side effects that accompany AODU, such as traumatic injuries due to accidents while drunk, or decline in social functioning, refer to *+AM6 AOD impairment* qh ah and *+AL AOD effects and AODR problems* qh ah. | |
| NT | +GCe AODD qh ah | |
| +GDe AODR disorder qh ah | ||
| BT | +AM2e AODE qh ah | |
| RT | +EB10e drug metabolism qh ah |
| GCe | AODD d-out qh |
| SN | Classified here are disorders that pertain to the actual use of an AOD substance or product, such as abuse and dependence, or to the immediate effects of these substances such as intoxication or withdrawal syndrome. | |
| ST | alcohol and other drug use pathology | |
| alcohol or other drug use disorders | ||
| AOD use disorders | ||
| chemical use disorders | ||
| psychoactive substance use disorders | ||
| substance use disorders | ||
| NT | +HKe AODU treatment method qh ah | |
| BT | +AA2.4.4 AOD misuse qh ah | |
| +GB AODD and AODR disorder qh ah | ||
| +GZ8 neurotic, personality, or other mental disorder qh ah | ||
| RT | EE14.2.6 drug monitoring qh ah | |
| +GB AODD and AODR disorder qh ah | ||
| +GDe AODR disorder qh ah | ||
| +GZ2.22.6 eating problem qh ah | ||
| +YPe anti-AOD-abuse agents qh ah |
| GC2e | . AOD abuse qh |
| SN | Repeated self-administration of a psychoactive drug to the extent of experiencing harm from its effects or from the social or economic consequences of its use. In U.S. nosology, drug abuse is a residual category, with drug dependence taking precedence where both would be applicable. Comment: "Drug abuse," "alcohol abuse," etc., are widely used to refer to presumptively harmful or hazardous use and often to indicate disapproval of any use at all. | |
| ST | abuse (drug or alcohol) | |
| alcohol or other drug abuse | ||
| chemical abuse | ||
| drug abuse | ||
| dysfunctional AOD use | ||
| psychoactive substance abuse | ||
| substance abuse | ||
| NT | EE2.2e AOD abuse potential qh ah | |
| GC16.2 alcohol abuse qh ah | ||
| BT | +AA2.4.4 AOD misuse qh ah | |
| RT | +AN8e societal AODR problems qh ah | |
| +FS62e self-destructive behavior qh ah |
| GC2.2 | . . hazardous AOD use qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| SN | A pattern of substance use that increases the risk of harmful consequences for the user. Some would limit the consequences to physical and mental health (as in ICD-10 "harmful use"); some also would include social consequences. In contrast to *GC2.4 harmful AOD use* qh ah, *GC2.2 hazardous AOD use* qh ah refers to patterns of use that are of public health significance despite the absence of any current disorder in the individual user. This is not a diagnostic term in ICD-10. | |
| ST | hazardous drinking | |
| hazardous use | ||
| RT | +AA2.4.4 AOD misuse qh ah |
| GC2.4 | . . harmful AOD use qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| SN | A pattern of psychoactive substance use that is causing damage to health. The damage may be physical (e.g., hepatitis following injection of drugs) or mental (e.g., depressive episodes secondary to
heavy alcohol intake). Harmful use commonly, but not invariably, has adverse social consequences; social consequences in themselves, however, are not sufficient to justify a diagnosis of harmful
use.
The term was introduced in ICD-10 and supplanted "nondependent use" as a diagnostic term. The closest equivalent in other diagnostic systems (e.g., DSM-III-R) is substance abuse, which usually includes social consequences. | |
| ST | harmful drinking | |
| harmful use | ||
| RT | +EE14.4.4.4e adverse drug effect qh ah |
| GC2.6 | . . abuse of non-dependence-producing substance qh |
| SN | Repeated and inappropriate use of a substance which, though not having dependence potential, is accompanied by harmful physical or psychological effects or involves unnecessary contact with health
professionals (or both).
In ICD-10, this diagnosis is included within the section "behavioral syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors." A wide variety of prescription drugs, proprietary (over-the-counter) drugs, and herbal and folk remedies may be involved. The particularly important groups are (1) psychotropic drugs that do not produce dependence, such as anti-depressants and neuroleptics; (2) laxatives (misuse of which is termed the "laxative habit"); (3) analgesics that may be purchased without medical prescription, such as aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) and paracetamol (acetaminophen); (4) steroids and other hormones; (5) vitamins; and (6) antacids. These substances typically do not have pleasurable psychic effects, yet attempts to discourage or forbid their use are met with resistance. Despite the patient's strong motivation to take the substance, neither the dependence syndrome nor the withdrawal syndrome develops. These substances do not have dependence potential in the sense of intrinsic pharmacological effects but are capable of inducing psychological dependence. | |
| RT | EE10.4e prescription drug qh ah | |
| +YBe vitamins qh ah | ||
| +YH4.2.6e anabolic steroids qh ah | ||
| +YR2e analgesics qh ah | ||
| +YW4.10.2e antipsychotic tranquilizers qh ah |
| GC4e | . AOD intoxication qh |
| SN | A condition that follows the administration of a psychoactive substance, resulting in disturbances in the level of consciousness, cognition, perception, affect or behavior, or other
psychophysiological functions and responses. The disturbances are related to the acute pharmacological effects of, and learned responses to, the substance; with complete recovery they resolve over
time, except where tissue damage or other complications have arisen.
Intoxication is highly dependent on the type and dose of drug and is influenced by an individual's level of tolerance and other factors. Frequently a drug is taken to achieve a desired degree of intoxication. The behavioral expression of a given level of intoxication is strongly influenced by cultural and personal expectations about the effects of the drug. Acute intoxication is the term used in ICD-10 to refer to intoxication that is of clinical significance. Complications may include trauma, inhalation of vomitus, delirium, coma, and convulsions, depending on the substance and method of administration. | |
| ST | acute AOD intoxication | |
| AOD intoxicated state | ||
| NT | +GC16.4 alcohol intoxication qh ah | |
| BT | +AA2.4.4 AOD misuse qh ah | |
| +GH10.4 chemical poisoning qh ah | ||
| RT | +JQ6.4.2 intoxication treatment qh ah | |
| MX14.2 AODR state in spiritual experience qh ah | ||
| +OR12e accident factor qh ah |
| GC4.4 | . . acute hallucinogen intoxication qh |
| RT | +GD2.2.8e AODR hallucinosis qh ah |
| GC4.6e | . . AOD poisoning qh |
| SN | A state of major disturbance of consciousness level, vital functions, and behavior following the administration in excessive dosage (deliberately or accidentally) of a psychoactive substance. | |
| ST | AOD overdose | |
| NT | GC16.4.2 alcohol poisoning qh ah | |
| BT | +GH10.4 chemical poisoning qh ah |
| GC4.8e | . . pathological AOD intoxication qh |
| SN | Idiosyncratic reaction to the administration of a small AOD dose. The unqualified term "pathological intoxication" refers to *GC16.4.4 pathological alcohol intoxication* qh ah.
With respect to alcohol, it is characterized by extreme excitement with aggressive and violent features, and frequently, of ideas of persecution. It occurs after consumption of disproportionally small amounts of alcohol. It lasts several hours and terminates with the patient falling asleep. There is usually complete amnesia for the episode. A controversial entity primarily used in a forensic context. | |
| ST | idiosyncratic AOD reaction | |
| pathologic AOD reaction | ||
| NT | GC16.4.4 pathological alcohol intoxication qh ah | |
| BT | +GH10.4 chemical poisoning qh ah | |
| RT | MO6.12.2e AODU as a legal defense qh ah |
| GC4.10e | . . post AOD intoxication state qh |
| SN | Postintoxication state. The immediate aftereffects of excessive AOD use. | |
| NT | +GC16.4.6 post alcohol intoxication state qh ah | |
| RT | +GC8e AOD withdrawal syndrome qh ah |
| GC4.10.2e | . . . hangover (any AOD substance) qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| NT | GC16.4.6.2 hangover (alcohol) qh ah |
| GC6e | . AOD dependence qh |
| SN | The state of being physically dependent on one or more psychoactive substances, long-term use of which has produced tolerance and loss of control over intake, and discontinuance of which would lead
to withdrawal phenomena.
Needing repeated doses of the drug to feel good or to avoid feeling bad. In DSM-III-R, dependence is described as "a cluster of cognitive, behavioral and physiologic symptoms that indicate a person has impaired control of psychoactive substance use and continues use of the substance despite adverse consequences." It is roughly equivalent to ICD-10's dependence syndrome. In the ICD-10 context, the term dependence could refer generally to any of the elements in the syndrome. The term is often used interchangeably with drug addiction and alcoholism. | |
| ST | alcohol or other drug dependence | |
| chemical addiction | ||
| chemical dependence | ||
| drug addiction | ||
| NT | GC16.6 alcohol dependence qh ah | |
| BT | +AA2.4.4 AOD misuse qh ah | |
| +FS24e addiction qh ah | ||
| RT | AE2.4 impaired AOD use control qh ah | |
| +AE4e AOD tolerance qh ah | ||
| AE6e AOD craving qh ah | ||
| AH20.2 AODD reinstatement qh ah | ||
| EE2.4e AOD dependence potential qh ah | ||
| FS22e compulsion qh ah | ||
| +GC8e AOD withdrawal syndrome qh ah |
| GC6.2e | . . biological AOD dependence qh |
| SN | A physiological state of adaptation to a drug or alcohol, usually characterized by the development of tolerance to drug effects and the emergence of a withdrawal syndrome during prolonged abstinence. | |
| ST | biological alcohol or other drug dependence | |
| narcotics addiction | ||
| physical AOD dependence | ||
| physical dependence | ||
| physiological AOD dependence | ||
| BT | +AA2.4.4 AOD misuse qh ah |
| GC6.4e | . . psychological AOD dependence qh |
| SN | A state produced by drugs that have the ability to reinforce risk-taking behavior (i.e., producing a pleasurable feeling that a person wants to continue to feel). | |
| ST | psychological alcohol or other drug dependence | |
| BT | +AA2.4.4 AOD misuse qh ah | |
| RT | +FD20.4e psychosocial dependence qh ah |
| GC6.6e | . . cross-dependence qh |
| SN | A pharmacological term used to denote the capacity of one substance (or class of substances) to suppress the manifestations of withdrawal from another substance or class and thereby maintain the physically dependent state. Note that "dependence" is normally used here in the narrower psychopharmacological sense associated with suppression of withdrawal symptoms. | |
| BT | +AA2.4.4 AOD misuse qh ah | |
| RT | AA2.6e multiple drug use qh ah | |
| AE4.10e cross-tolerance qh ah |
| GC8e | . AOD withdrawal syndrome qh |
| SN | A group of symptoms of variable clustering and degrees of severity that occurs on cessation or reduction of use of a psychoactive substance that has been taken repeatedly, usually for a prolonged
period and/or in high doses. The syndrome may be accompanied by signs of physiological disturbance.
A withdrawal syndrome is one of the indicators of a dependence syndrome. It also is the defining characteristic of the narrower psychopharmacological definition of dependence. With respect to alcohol, the withdrawal syndrome is characterized by tremor, sweating, anxiety, agitation, depression, nausea, and malaise. It occurs 6 to 48 hours after cessation of alcohol consumption and, when uncomplicated, abates after 2 to 5 days. It may be complicated by grand mal seizures and may progress to delirium (also known as delirium tremens). | |
| NT | +GC16.8 alcohol withdrawal syndrome qh ah | |
| BT | +AA2.4.4 AOD misuse qh ah | |
| RT | AD12.10.4e AOD abstinence qh ah | |
| AE6e AOD craving qh ah | ||
| +EW8e hyperexcitability qh ah | ||
| +GC4.10e post AOD intoxication state qh ah | ||
| +GC6e AOD dependence qh ah | ||
| HK2.6.2 cold turkey qh ah |
| GC8.2 | . . early phase AOD withdrawal syndrome qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| GC8.4 | . . intermediate phase AOD withdrawal syndrome qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| GC8.6 | . . late phase AOD withdrawal syndrome qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| GC8.8 | . . conditioned AOD withdrawal syndrome qh |
| SN | A syndrome of withdrawal-like signs and symptoms sometimes experienced by abstinent AOD dependents who are exposed to stimuli previously associated with AOD use. According to classical conditioning theory, environmental stimuli temporarily linked to unconditioned withdrawal reactions become conditioned stimuli (internal cues) capable of eliciting the same withdrawal-like symptoms. In another version of conditioning theory, an innate compensatory response to the effects of alcohol (acute tolerance) become conditionally linked to the stimuli associated with AOD use. If the stimuli are presented without actual administration of AOD, the conditioned response is elicited as a withdrawal-like compensatory reaction. | |
| ST | conditioned AOD abstinence | |
| NT | GC16.8.2 conditioned alcohol withdrawal syndrome qh ah | |
| RT | AJ6.18e conditioning theory of AODU qh ah | |
| +FK6.2e classical conditioning qh ah |
| GC8.10e | . . AODR seizure qh |
| ST | AOD withdrawal tremor | |
| NT | GC16.8.4 alcohol related seizure qh ah | |
| BT | +GF2.26e convulsion qh ah |
| GC10 | . relief AOD use qh |
| ST | avoidance of AOD withdrawal symptoms | |
| morning drinking | ||
| NT | GC16.10 relief drinking qh ah |
| GC12e | . dual diagnosis qh |
| SN | A general term referring to the co-occurrence in the same individual of a psychoactive substance use disorder and another behavioral or mental disorder (psychiatric disorder). Such an individual is
sometimes known as a mentally ill chemical abuser (MICA). Less commonly, the term refers to the co-occurrence of two psychiatric disorders not involving psychoactive substance use. This term also
has been applied to patients with two diagnosable substance use disorders (see *AA2.6 multiple drug use* qh ah). Use of this term carries no implications of the nature of the association between the two conditions or of any etiological relationship between
them.
Do not confuse with *PD6.6 comorbidity* qh ah, which is the incidence and prevalence within a population of any combination of pathologies within the same person. | |
| ST | mentally ill chemical abuse | |
| MICA | ||
| BT | +GA2.8.8.4e multiple pathologies qh ah | |
| +GZe behavioral and mental disorder qh ah | ||
| RT | AA2.6e multiple drug use qh ah | |
| PD6.6e comorbidity qh ah |
| GC14e | . multiple AOD use disorder qh |
| SN | Multiple AOD use disorder is one of the "mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use" in ICD-10, diagnosed only when two or more substances are known to be involved and it is impossible to assess which substance is contributing most to the disorder. The category also is used when the exact identity of some or even all of the substances being used is uncertain or unknown, because many multiple drug users themselves often do not know what they are taking. | |
| ST | dual addiction | |
| polydrug abuse | ||
| polydrug addiction | ||
| polydrug use disorders | ||
| RT | AA2.6e multiple drug use qh ah | |
| +GZe behavioral and mental disorder qh ah |
| GC16 | . alcohol use disorder qh |
| SN | Classified here are disorders that pertain to the actual usage of alcohol, such as alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence, or to the immediate effects of these substances, such as alcohol intoxication or alcohol withdrawal syndrome. | |
| NT | +GC18e alcohol use disorder classification qh ah | |
| BT | +BBe alcohol in any form qh ah | |
| +GH10 exogenous chemical disorder qh ah | ||
| RT | GC16.4.4 pathological alcohol intoxication qh ah | |
| +GZ2.22.6 eating problem qh ah |
| GC16.2 | . . alcohol abuse qh |
| SN | Alcohol abuse refers to nonmedical or unsanctioned patterns of alcohol use, irrespective of consequences. Thus a 1969 WHO Expert Committee's definition was "persistent or sporadic excessive use inconsistent with, or unrelated to, acceptable medical practice." | |
| ST | dysfunctional alcohol use | |
| excessive drinking | ||
| habitual alcohol intoxication | ||
| habitual drunkenness | ||
| BT | +BBe alcohol in any form qh ah | |
| +GC2e AOD abuse qh ah | ||
| RT | EE2.2e AOD abuse potential qh ah |
| GC16.4 | . . alcohol intoxication qh |
| SN | A condition that follows the administration of excessive alcohol, resulting in disturbances in the level of consciousness, cognition, perception, affect or behavior, or other psychophysiological
functions and responses. The disturbances are related to the acute pharmacological effects of alcohol and resolve with time, with complete recovery, except where tissue damage or other
complications arise. Alcohol intoxication is manifested by such signs as facial flushing, slurred speech, unsteady gait, euphoria, increased activity, volubility, disorderly conduct,
insensibility, or stupefaction.
Intoxication is highly dependent on the amount of alcohol consumed and is influenced by an individual's level of tolerance and other factors. Frequently alcohol is consumed to achieve a desired degree of intoxication. The behavioral expression of a given level of intoxication is strongly influenced by cultural and personal expectations about the effects of alcohol. Habitual intoxication (habitual drunkenness) refers to a regular or recurrent pattern of drinking to intoxication. Such a pattern has sometimes been treated as a criminal offense separate from the individual instances of intoxication. | |
| ST | drunkenness | |
| inebriation | ||
| inebriety | ||
| BT | +BBe alcohol in any form qh ah | |
| +GC4e AOD intoxication qh ah | ||
| RT | GZ6.2.6.6.2e alcoholic brain syndrome qh ah |
| GC16.4.2 | . . . alcohol poisoning qh |
| SN | Use only for ethanol (ethyl alcohol). For poisoning involving methyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol, index *+GH10.4 chemical poisoning* qh ah and the responsible chemical. | |
| ST | alcohol overdose | |
| BT | +BBe alcohol in any form qh ah | |
| +GC4.6e AOD poisoning qh ah | ||
| RT | +EMe respiratory system function qh ah |
| GC16.4.4 | . . . pathological alcohol intoxication qh |
| SN | A syndrome characterized by extreme excitement with aggressive and violent features and, frequently, ideas of persecution, after consumption of disproportionately little alcohol. It lasts for several hours and terminates with the subject falling asleep. There is usually complete amnesia for the episode. A controversial entity primarily used in a forensic context. | |
| ST | alcohol idiosyncratic intoxication | |
| idiosyncratic alcohol intoxication | ||
| pathological intoxication | ||
| BT | +BBe alcohol in any form qh ah | |
| +GC4.8e pathological AOD intoxication qh ah | ||
| +GD4.2.2 alcoholic psychosis qh ah | ||
| RT | +GC16 alcohol use disorder qh ah | |
| MO6.12.2e AODU as a legal defense qh ah |
| GC16.4.6 | . . . post alcohol intoxication state qh |
| BT | +BBe alcohol in any form qh ah | |
| +GC4.10e post AOD intoxication state qh ah | ||
| RT | +GC16.8 alcohol withdrawal syndrome qh ah |
| GC16.4.6.2 | . . . . hangover (alcohol) qh |
| ST | hangover | |
| BT | +BBe alcohol in any form qh ah | |
| +GC4.10.2e hangover (any AOD substance) qh ah |
| GC16.6 | . . alcohol dependence qh |
| SN | Alcohol dependence is the need for repeated doses of alcohol to feel good or to avoid feeling bad. In DSM-III-R, dependence is defined as "a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiologic
symptoms that indicate a person has impaired control of psychoactive substance use and continues use of the substance despite adverse consequences." It is roughly equivalent to the dependence
syndrome of ICD-10.
In unqualified form, dependence refers to both physical and psychological elements. Psychological or psychic dependence refers to the experience of impaired control over drinking, and physiological or physical dependence refers to tolerance and withdrawal symptoms. In biologically oriented discussion, dependence is often used to refer only to physical dependence (WHO lexicon modified). | |
| ST | alcohol addiction | |
| alcohol dependence syndrome | ||
| alcoholism | ||
| chronic alcoholism | ||
| dipsomania | ||
| BT | +BBe alcohol in any form qh ah | |
| +GC6e AOD dependence qh ah | ||
| RT | AE2.4 impaired AOD use control qh ah | |
| AE6e AOD craving qh ah | ||
| EE2.4e AOD dependence potential qh ah | ||
| +GC16.8 alcohol withdrawal syndrome qh ah |
| GC16.8 | . . alcohol withdrawal syndrome qh |
| SN | A group of symptoms of variable clustering and degrees of severity that occurs on cessation or reduction of use of alcohol that has been consumed repeatedly, usually for a prolonged period and/or in
large amounts. The syndrome may be accompanied by signs of physiological disturbance.
A withdrawal state is one of the indicators of a dependence syndrome. It also is the defining characteristic of the narrower psychopharmacological definition of dependence. The alcohol withdrawal syndrome is characterized by tremor, sweating, anxiety, agitation, depression, nausea, and malaise. It occurs 6 to 48 hours after cessation of alcohol consumption and, when uncomplicated, abates after 2 to 5 days. It may be complicated by grand mal seizures and may progress to delirium (also known as delirium tremens). | |
| ST | uncomplicated alcohol withdrawal | |
| BT | +BBe alcohol in any form qh ah | |
| +GC8e AOD withdrawal syndrome qh ah | ||
| RT | +EW8e hyperexcitability qh ah | |
| EW8.2e kindling mechanism qh ah | ||
| +GC16.4.6 post alcohol intoxication state qh ah | ||
| GC16.6 alcohol dependence qh ah | ||
| +GF2.26e convulsion qh ah | ||
| GZ6.2.6.6.2e alcoholic brain syndrome qh ah |
| GC16.8.2 | . . . conditioned alcohol withdrawal syndrome qh |
| SN | A syndrome of withdrawal-like signs and symptoms sometimes experienced by abstinent alcoholics who are exposed to stimuli previously associated with alcohol use. According to classical conditioning theory, environmental stimuli temporarily linked to unconditioned withdrawal reactions become conditioned stimuli (internal cues) capable of eliciting the same withdrawal-like symptoms. In another version of conditioning theory, an innate compensatory response to the effects of alcohol (acute tolerance) become conditionally linked to the stimuli associated with alcohol use. If the stimuli are presented without actual administration of alcohol, the conditioned response is elicited as a withdrawal-like compensatory reaction. | |
| ST | conditioned abstinence | |
| BT | +BBe alcohol in any form qh ah | |
| +GC8.8 conditioned AOD withdrawal syndrome qh ah | ||
| RT | AD12.10.4e AOD abstinence qh ah |
| GC16.8.4 | . . . alcohol related seizure qh |
| BT | +BBe alcohol in any form qh ah | |
| +GC8.10e AODR seizure qh ah |
| GC16.10 | . . relief drinking qh |
| ST | avoidance of alcohol withdrawal symptoms | |
| morning drinking | ||
| BT | +BBe alcohol in any form qh ah | |
| +GC10 relief AOD use qh ah |
| GC18e | . alcohol use disorder classification qh |
| BT | +GA6.6e disorder classification qh ah | |
| +GC16 alcohol use disorder qh ah |
| GC18.2e | . . Jellinek typology qh |
| GC18.2.2 | . . . Jellinek alpha alcoholism qh |
| GC18.2.4 | . . . Jellinek beta alcoholism qh |
| GC18.2.6 | . . . Jellinek gamma alcoholism qh |
| GC18.2.8 | . . . Jellinek delta alcoholism qh |
| GC18.2.10 | . . . Jellinek epsilon alcoholism qh |
| ST | periodic alcoholism |
| GC18.4e | . . Cloninger's typology qh |
| GC18.4.2 | . . . Cloninger type I inherited alcoholism qh |
| ST | milieu-limited alcoholism |
| GC18.4.4 | . . . Cloninger type II inherited alcoholism qh |
| ST | male-limited alcoholism |
| GC18.6 | . . primary vs secondary alcohol use disorder qh |
| GC18.6.2e | . . . primary alcohol use disorder qh |
| GC18.6.4e | . . . secondary alcohol use disorder qh |
| GC18.8e | . . alcohol use disorder in the elderly qh |
| BT | +TA16.6e elderly qh ah |
| GC18.8.2 | . . . type I alcoholism in the elderly qh |
| GC18.8.4 | . . . type II alcoholism in the elderly qh |
| GC18.10e | . . familial alcoholism qh |
| SN | Alcohol dependence that occurs within family systems. So far studies show multifactorial etiology involving environmental as well as genetic determinants. | |
| ST | alcoholic parent | |
| parental alcoholism | ||
| BT | +HB6.4e family AODU history qh ah |
| GC18.10.2e | . . . paternal alcoholism qh |
| ST | alcoholic father |
| GC18.10.4e | . . . maternal alcoholism qh |
| ST | alcoholic mother | |
| RT | GJ2.16.2.4.2e fetal alcohol effects qh ah |
| GDe | AODR disorder d-out qh |
| SN | Classified here are disorders that are the result of continued use of a substance, such as alcoholic liver cirrhosis or narcotic bowel syndrome. For disorders that pertain to the actual usage of an AOD substance or product, such as abuse and dependence, or to the immediate effects of these substances, such as intoxication or withdrawal syndrome, refer to *+GC AODD* qh ah. For physical or social side effects that accompany AODU, such as traumatic injuries due to accidents while drunk or decline in social functioning, refer to *+AL AOD effects and AODR problems* qh ah and to *AM6.4 AODR disability* qh ah. | |
| NT | +GJ2.16.2 AODR intrauterine disorder qh ah | |
| +GJ2.16.2.2e AODR neonatal disorder qh ah | ||
| GJ2.16.2.4.2e fetal alcohol effects qh ah | ||
| +GL6.4.6e AODR myopathy qh ah | ||
| GX4.4.2e AODR structural brain damage qh ah | ||
| BT | +AMe AOD effects and consequences qh ah | |
| +AM2e AODE qh ah | ||
| +GB AODD and AODR disorder qh ah | ||
| +GH10 exogenous chemical disorder qh ah | ||
| RT | +AM2.2e physiological AODE qh ah | |
| +AM6e AOD impairment qh ah | ||
| +ANe AODR interpersonal and societal problems qh ah | ||
| +EE14.4 drug effect qh ah | ||
| +EE14.4.4.4.2e toxic drug effect qh ah | ||
| +GH10.4 chemical poisoning qh ah | ||
| +GH14.4e nutritional deficiency qh ah |
| GD2e | . AODR mental disorder qh |
| ST | AODR neuropsychological disorder | |
| NT | +GD4.2 alcohol related mental disorder qh ah | |
| BT | +GZe behavioral and mental disorder qh ah | |
| RT | GX4.4.2e AODR structural brain damage qh ah |
| GD2.2e | . . AODR psychosis qh |
| NT | +GD4.2.2 alcoholic psychosis qh ah | |
| BT | +GZ6e psychosis qh ah |
| GD2.2.2e | . . . AODR dementia qh |
| NT | GD4.2.2.2 alcoholic dementia qh ah | |
| BT | +GZ6.2.4e dementia qh ah |
| GD2.2.4e | . . . AODR delirium qh |
| NT | GD4.2.2.4e delirium tremens qh ah | |
| BT | +GZ6.2.2.2 delirium qh ah |
| GD2.2.6 | . . . AODR organic delusional syndrome qh |
| ST | paranoid state induced by AOD | |
| BT | +GZ6.2.2.4 organic delusional syndrome qh ah | |
| RT | FF4.2 drug induced state of consciousness qh ah | |
| +GZ2.4 perceptual disturbance qh ah |
| GD2.2.8e | . . . AODR hallucinosis qh |
| NT | GD4.2.2.6 alcohol hallucinosis qh ah | |
| BT | +GZ6.2.2.6 organic hallucinosis syndrome qh ah | |
| RT | FF4.2 drug induced state of consciousness qh ah | |
| GC4.4 acute hallucinogen intoxication qh ah | ||
| GZ2.4.6 hallucination qh ah |
| GD2.2.10 | . . . amphetamine psychosis qh |
| SN | A disorder characterized by paranoid delusions, frequently accompanied by auditory or tactile hallucinations, hyperactivity, and lability of mood, that develops during or shortly after repeated use
of moderate or high doses of amphetamines. Typically the individual's behavior is hostile and irrational and may result in unprovoked violence. In most cases, there is no clouding of
consciousness, but an acute delirium is occasionally seen after ingestion of very high doses.
The most common amphetamine-induced psychotic disorders are delirium, developing within 24 hours of use, and delusional disorders, developing shortly after use of the amphetamines during a period of long-term use of moderate or high doses. Rapidly developing persecutory delusions are characteristic. | |
| RT | +GZ2.4 perceptual disturbance qh ah |
| GD2.2.12 | . . . flashbacks qh |
| SN | Post-hallucinogen perception disorders; a spontaneous recurrence of the visual distortions, physical symptoms, loss of ego boundaries, or intense emotions that occurred when the subject ingested
hallucinogens in the past. Flashbacks are episodic, of short duration (lasting from seconds to hours), and may duplicate the symptoms of previous hallucinogen episodes. They may be precipitated
by fatigue, alcohol intake, or marijuana intoxication. Post-hallucinogenic flashbacks are relatively common and also have been reported for coca-paste smokers.
In ICD-10, flashbacks (Flx. 70) are coded under psychotic disorders, residual and late onset. | |
| RT | GZ2.4.6 hallucination qh ah | |
| +YW10e hallucinogens qh ah |
| GD2.2.14e | . . . AODR amnestic syndrome qh |
| SN | Chronic, prominent impairment of recent and remote memory associated with AOD use. Immediate recall usually is preserved, and remote memory is less disturbed than recent memory. Disturbances of
time sense and ordering of events usually are evident, as is impaired ability to learn new material. Confabulation may be marked but is not invariably present. Other cognitive functions are
relatively well preserved, and amnesic defects are out of proportion to other disturbances.
Alcohol-induced Korsakov's psychosis (or syndrome) is one example of the amnesic syndrome. It is often associated with Wernicke encephalopathy. The combination is frequently referred to as the Wernicke-Korsakov syndrome (synonymous with Wernicke-Korsakov psychosis). This syndrome is one of the "mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use" in ICD-10. | |
| NT | GD4.2.2.8e alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome qh ah | |
| BT | +GZ6.2.6 organic amnestic syndrome qh ah | |
| +GZ6.2.6.4.4e Wernicke-Korsakoff psychosis qh ah |
| GD2.2.16 | . . . AODR organic affective syndrome qh |
| ST | AODR depressive state | |
| BT | +GZ6.2.2.8 organic affective syndrome qh ah | |
| RT | +GZ6.4.4e affective psychosis qh ah |
| GD2.2.18e | . . . AODR paranoia qh |
| ST | other AODR paranoia | |
| NT | +GD4.2.2.10 alcoholic paranoia qh ah |
| GD2.4 | . . other specified AODR mental disorder qh |
| GD2.4.2 | . . . AODR organic personality syndrome qh |
| GD2.6 | . . unspecified AODR mental disorder qh |
| ST | organic psychosis due to or associated with AODRs | |
| RT | +ZU4e cannabinoids qh ah |
| GD4 | . alcohol related disorder qh |
| SN | Classified here are disorders that are the result of continued use of alcohol, such as alcoholic liver cirrhosis or alcoholic gastritis. For physical or social side effects that accompany AODU, such as a traumatic injury due to an accident while drunk, or decline in social functioning, refer to *AM6.4 AODR disability* qh ah. | |
| NT | GJ2.16.2.4.2e fetal alcohol effects qh ah | |
| +GL6.4.6.2 alcoholic myopathy qh ah | ||
| GN8.8.4.6e alcoholic cardiomyopathy qh ah | ||
| GQ6.10.8.14e alcoholic gastritis qh ah | ||
| GQ8.2.6e alcoholic pancreatitis qh ah | ||
| +GQ10.2e alcoholic liver disorder qh ah | ||
| GQ10.2.4.2e acute alcoholic hepatitis qh ah | ||
| GQ10.2.6e alcoholic liver cirrhosis qh ah | ||
| +GR2e ethanol metabolism disorder qh ah | ||
| GR20.8.2.8.2e alcoholic ketoacidosis qh ah | ||
| GX2.6.2.2e alcoholic polyneuropathy qh ah | ||
| GX4.16.2.2e Wernicke's encephalopathy qh ah | ||
| GX6.16.2.2e alcoholic cerebellar degeneration qh ah | ||
| GZ6.2.6.6.2e alcoholic brain syndrome qh ah | ||
| RT | +EE14.4 drug effect qh ah | |
| GQ4.4 esophagitis qh ah | ||
| GQ4.10 Mallory-Weiss syndrome qh ah | ||
| +GQ4.12e esophageal varix qh ah | ||
| GR2.2e alcohol flush reaction qh ah | ||
| +GR16.2 porphyria qh ah | ||
| +GZ6.2.6.4e Korsakoff's syndrome qh ah | ||
| +GZ6.2.6.4.4e Wernicke-Korsakoff psychosis qh ah | ||
| +GZ14.6.2e agoraphobia qh ah |
| GD4.2 | . . alcohol related mental disorder qh |
| BT | +GD2e AODR mental disorder qh ah |
| GD4.2.2 | . . . alcoholic psychosis qh |
| NT | GC16.4.4 pathological alcohol intoxication qh ah | |
| BT | +GD2.2e AODR psychosis qh ah | |
| RT | GZ6.2.6.6.2e alcoholic brain syndrome qh ah |
| GD4.2.2.2 | . . . . alcoholic dementia qh |
| SN | A term of variable usage, most commonly implying a chronic or progressive disorder occurring as a result of harmful drinking, characterized by impairment of multiple higher cortical functions,
including memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language, and judgment. Consciousness is not clouded. The cognitive impairments are commonly accompanied by
deterioration in emotional control, social behavior, or motivation. The existence of alcoholic dementia as a discrete syndrome is doubted by some, who ascribe the dementia to other causes.
Classified in ICD-10 under psychotic disorders, residual and late onset, alcohol or drug-induced, F10.7. | |
| ST | alcoholic encephalopathy | |
| dementia associated with alcoholism | ||
| other alcoholic dementia | ||
| BT | +GD2.2.2e AODR dementia qh ah | |
| RT | +GZ6.2.6.4.4e Wernicke-Korsakoff psychosis qh ah |
| GD4.2.2.4e | . . . . delirium tremens qh |
| SN | Withdrawal state with delirium; an acute psychotic state occurring during the withdrawal phase in alcohol dependent individuals and characterized by confusion, disorientation, paranoid ideation,
delusions, illusions, hallucinations (typically visual or tactile, less commonly auditory, olfactory, or vestibular), restlessness, distractability, tremor (which is sometimes gross), sweating,
tachycardia, and hypertension. It is usually preceded by signs of simple alcohol withdrawal.
Onset of delirium tremens is usually 48 hours or more after cessation or reduction of alcohol consumption, but it may present up to one week from this time. It should be distinguished from *GD4.2.2.6 alcohol hallucinosis* qh ah, which is not always a withdrawal phenomenon. Known colloquially as the "DT's" or "horrors" . | |
| ST | alcohol withdrawal delirium | |
| alcohol withdrawal with delirium | ||
| DTs | ||
| BT | +GD2.2.4e AODR delirium qh ah | |
| RT | +GZ2.4 perceptual disturbance qh ah | |
| GZ2.4.6 hallucination qh ah |
| GD4.2.2.6 | . . . . alcohol hallucinosis qh |
| ST | alcohol withdrawal hallucinosis | |
| BT | +GD2.2.8e AODR hallucinosis qh ah | |
| +GZ6.2.2.6 organic hallucinosis syndrome qh ah | ||
| RT | GD4.2.2.4e delirium tremens qh ah | |
| +GZ2.4 perceptual disturbance qh ah | ||
| GZ2.4.6 hallucination qh ah |
| GD4.2.2.8e | . . . . alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| SN | An alcohol amnestic syndrome characterized by confusion and severe impairment of memory, especially for recent events, for which the patient compensates by confabulation. Typically encountered in chronic alcoholics. Delirium tremens may precede the syndrome and Wernicke's syndrome often coexists. The precise pathogenesis is uncertain, but direct toxic effects of alcohol are probably less important than severe nutritional deficiencies often associated with chronic alcoholism. | |
| ST | alcohol amnestic disorder | |
| alcohol amnestic syndrome | ||
| alcoholic Korsakov's psychosis | ||
| BT | +GD2.2.14e AODR amnestic syndrome qh ah | |
| +GZ6.2.6.4e Korsakoff's syndrome qh ah | ||
| RT | GX4.16.2.2e Wernicke's encephalopathy qh ah | |
| GZ2.10.14.6.2e alcoholic blackout qh ah |
| GD4.2.2.10 | . . . . alcoholic paranoia qh |
| SN | A type of alcohol-induced psychotic disorder in which delusions of a self-referential or persecutory nature are prominent. Alcoholic jealousy is sometimes included as a form of alcoholic paranoia. | |
| BT | +GD2.2.18e AODR paranoia qh ah | |
| RT | +GZ2.4 perceptual disturbance qh ah | |
| GZ16.12 paranoid personality disorder qh ah |
| GD4.2.2.10.2 | . . . . . alcoholic jealousy qh |
| SN | A type of chronic, alcohol-induced psychotic disorder characterized by delusions that the marital or sexual partner is unfaithful. The delusion is typically accompanied by intense searching for evidence of infidelity and direct accusations that may lead to violent quarrels. It was formerly regarded as a distinct diagnostic entity, but this status is now controversial. . | |
| ST | amorous paranoia | |
| conjugal paranoia | ||
| BT | +FP14.24 jealousy qh ah |
| GD4.2.2.12 | . . . . alcoholic mania qh |
| SN | A rare type of alcohol-induced chronic psychotic disorder in which the predominant symptoms are elated and unstable mood, increased energy, overactivity or excitement, decreased need for sleep, and inflated self-esteem. | |
| RT | GZ6.4.4.2e manic disorder qh ah |
| GD4.2.4 | . . . other specified alcohol related disorder qh |
| GD4.2.6 | . . . unspecified alcohol related disorder qh |
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