| A | AOD use, abuse, and dependence b-out d-out qh |
| ST | ATOD use, abuse, and dependence |
| AA | nature of AODU d-out qh |
| ST | nature of AOD use, abuse, and dependence | |
| NT | +AC description of AODU qh ah |
| AA2e | AOD use qh |
| SN | The self-administration of a psychoactive substance. This descriptor includes types of AODU arranged by increasing severity of the problems created. Each type is defined. | |
| ST | alcohol and other drug use | |
| definition of AODU | ||
| drug usage | ||
| drug use | ||
| substance use | ||
| use (alcohol, drug) | ||
| NT | +AN8.4 AOD use and driving qh ah | |
| +MC12e sociocultural AOD use qh ah | ||
| +MM20.6.6 illegal alcohol use qh ah | ||
| MM20.10.10 illegal drug use qh ah | ||
| +PN4.2e history of AOD use qh ah | ||
| RT | +EFe route of administration qh ah | |
| +GA6.4e disorder definition qh ah | ||
| +OR12e accident factor qh ah |
| AA2.2e | . nonproblematic AOD use qh |
| RT | AD12.12e light AOD use qh ah | |
| +AD12.14e moderate AOD use qh ah | ||
| +MC12e sociocultural AOD use qh ah | ||
| MC12.8.2e social drinking qh ah |
| AA2.2.2 | . . nondependent AOD use qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. |
| AA2.2.4 | . . responsible AOD use qh |
| ST | low-risk AOD use | |
| sensible AOD use |
| AA2.4e | . problematic AOD use qh |
| SN | AOD use that results in problems, individual or collective, health or social. | |
| ST | sporadic AOD use leading to adverse consequences | |
| unsanctioned AOD use | ||
| RT | +EE14.4.4.4e adverse drug effect qh ah | |
| +JB2.2e prevention of problematic AODU qh ah | ||
| +OR12e accident factor qh ah |
| AA2.4.4 | . . AOD misuse qh |
| SN | The use of a psychoactive substance for a purpose not consistent with legal or medical guidelines, for example, the nonmedical use of prescription medications. Some people prefer to use the term "misuse" rather than "abuse" in the belief that the former is less judgmental. | |
| NT | +GCe AODD qh ah | |
| +GC2e AOD abuse qh ah | ||
| +GC4e AOD intoxication qh ah | ||
| +GC6e AOD dependence qh ah | ||
| GC6.2e biological AOD dependence qh ah | ||
| GC6.4e psychological AOD dependence qh ah | ||
| GC6.6e cross-dependence qh ah | ||
| +GC8e AOD withdrawal syndrome qh ah | ||
| RT | +EE14.4.4.4e adverse drug effect qh ah | |
| GC2.2 hazardous AOD use qh ah |
| AA2.4.4.2 | . . . nonprescribed use of drug qh |
| ST | nonmedical use of prescribed drugs | |
| RT | EE10.4e prescription drug qh ah |
| AA2.6e | . multiple drug use qh |
| SN | The use of more than one drug or type of drug by an individual, often simultaneously or sequentially and usually with the intent of enhancing, potentiating, or counteracting the effects of another
drug.
The term connotates illicit use, although alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine are the substances most frequently used in combination with other drugs in industrialized societies. | |
| ST | polydrug use | |
| simultaneous polydrug use | ||
| SPU | ||
| RT | AE4.10e cross-tolerance qh ah | |
| +BP AOD combination qh ah | ||
| +EE16e drug interaction qh ah | ||
| GC6.6e cross-dependence qh ah | ||
| GC12e dual diagnosis qh ah | ||
| GC14e multiple AOD use disorder qh ah | ||
| PD6.6e comorbidity qh ah | ||
| +ZT6.4.2e benzodiazepines qh ah |
| AA2.8e | . involuntary AOD use qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| SN | This refers to the involuntary intake or ingestion of an AOD substance or product (i.e., unknowingly drinking or eating something that contains an AOD substance). Do not confuse this with AOD exposed, which refers to involuntary environmental exposure (i.e., secondhand smoke) or to exposure to an AOD substance in the womb. | |
| RT | +EE20.6.4e prenatal AOD exposure qh ah | |
| +TL6e AOD-exposed qh ah |
| AC | description of AODU d-out qh |
| SN | Description of alcohol or other drug use, abuse, and dependence. | |
| SN | This area proceeds from the description of overt AOD use behavior to the underlying factors that interact with this behavior. | |
| NT | +ADe AOD use behavior qh ah | |
| +AE factors interacting with AOD use behavior qh ah | ||
| +AFe purpose of AOD use qh ah | ||
| BT | +AA nature of AODU qh ah | |
| RT | +AHe natural history of AODU qh ah |
| ADe | . AOD use behavior d-out qh |
| BT | +AC description of AODU qh ah | |
| RT | +JB4e prevention goals qh ah | |
| +JL2e treatment goals qh ah | ||
| +MC12.8 sociocultural alcohol use qh ah |
| AD6e | . . AOD-seeking behavior qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| RT | AE6e AOD craving qh ah | |
| +AFe purpose of AOD use qh ah |
| AD8e | . . AOD preference qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| SN | The preference that a human or animal displays in its choice of alcohol or other drugs. For example, a document discussing an animal's choice of ethanol over water would be indexed with this descriptor. |
| AD10e | . . AOD use pattern qh |
| SN | Pattern of AOD use by an individual. Do not confuse this with the incidence or prevalence of AOD use. | |
| ST | pattern of AOD use |
| AD10.2 | . . . change in AOD use pattern qh |
| AD12e | . . amount of AOD use qh |
| ST | quantity of AOD use | |
| RT | +EE14.2e drug dose qh ah |
| AD12.2 | . . . measure of AOD intake and consumption qh |
| AD12.4e | . . . AOD intake per occasion qh |
| HN | Changed descriptor 2000; through 1999 use "AOD intake." | |
| SN | The amount of AOD substance taken (i.e., ingested, smoked, or injected) during a single AOD use episode. Use *+AD12.6 AOD consumption* qh ah to describe the amount of an AOD substance consumed in a period of time (i.e., per day, week, month, or year) by an individual (including averaged per capita measures) or a group. | |
| ST | amount of AOD use per occasion | |
| BT | +EE14.2e drug dose qh ah |
| AD12.6e | . . . AOD consumption qh |
| SN | The amount of an AOD substance consumed in a period of time (i.e., per day, week, month, or year) by an individual (including averaged per capita measures) or a group. There are two methods of estimating consumption: (1) apparent consumption, which is derived from official reports of states, tax records, and, in some cases, reports of sales by the AOD industry, and (2) self-report consumption, which is derived from responses to surveys of individuals. To describe the amount of an AOD substance taken (i.e., ingested, smoked, or injected) in a single AOD use episode, use *AD12.4 AOD intake per occasion* qh ah. | |
| ST | AOD consumption rate | |
| AOD quantity/frequency | ||
| BT | +MT8.6.8 consumption qh ah | |
| RT | AD12.4e AOD intake per occasion qh ah | |
| +AD12.18e AOD use frequency qh ah | ||
| AJ10.8e economic theory of AODU qh ah | ||
| +MT2.8e AOD sales qh ah |
| AD12.6.2e | . . . . individual AOD consumption qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| AD12.6.4e | . . . . aggregate AOD consumption qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| RT | MT8.6.8.2e distribution of consumption qh ah |
| AD12.8 | . . . overall AOD use pattern defined by amount qh |
| AD12.10e | . . . AOD nonuse qh |
| AD12.10.2 | . . . . AOD naivete qh |
| SN | This term is used to describe a subject, particularly an experimental animal, who has never used alcohol or other drugs. |
| AD12.10.4e | . . . . AOD abstinence qh |
| SN | Refraining from drug use or particularly from drinking alcoholic beverages, whether as a matter of principle or for other reasons.
Those who practice abstinence from alcohol are referred to as "abstainers" or "total abstainers" or, in a more old-fashioned formulation, "teetotalers." The term "current abstainer" often is used in population surveys and usually is defined as a person who has not had a drink of an alcoholic beverage in the preceding 12 months; this definition does not necessarily coincide with a respondent's self-description as an abstainer. The term "abstinence" should not be confused with "drug abstinence syndrome," a synonym for *+GC8 AOD withdrawal syndrome* qh ah, or with "conditioned abstinence," a synonym for *GC16.8.2 conditioned alcohol withdrawal syndrome* qh ah. | |
| ST | abstinence by AOD abuser | |
| sobriety | ||
| temperance | ||
| BT | +JL2e treatment goals qh ah | |
| RT | +HK2.6e cessation of AODU qh ah | |
| TL2.4 AOD abstainer qh ah |
| AD12.10.4.2.2 | . . . . . . dry drunk qh |
| AD12.12e | . . . light AOD use qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 1995. | |
| RT | +AA2.2e nonproblematic AOD use qh ah |
| AD12.14e | . . . moderate AOD use qh |
| RT | +AA2.2e nonproblematic AOD use qh ah | |
| AE2.2e controlled AOD use qh ah | ||
| EE14.4.4.2.2e protective drug effect qh ah | ||
| +MC12e sociocultural AOD use qh ah | ||
| MC12.8.2e social drinking qh ah |
| AD12.14.2 | . . . . moderate drinking qh |
| SN | An inexact term for an alcohol consumption pattern that is, by implication, contrasted with heavy drinking. This term denotes drinking that is moderate in amount and does not cause problems. Sometimes moderate drinking also is contrasted with light drinking lexicon). | |
| RT | +EE14.4.4e beneficial vs adverse drug effect qh ah | |
| MC12.8.2e social drinking qh ah |
| AD12.16e | . . . heavy AOD use qh |
| ST | hard core AOD use |
| AD12.16.2e | . . . . binge AOD use qh |
| SN | A pattern of heavy AOD use that occurs in an extended period set aside for AOD use. In population surveys the period usually is defined as more than one day of AOD use at a time. | |
| NT | AD12.16.4.2 binge drinking qh ah | |
| BT | +AD12.18.10 periodic AOD use qh ah | |
| RT | +FS20.4 uncontrolled behavior qh ah |
| AD12.16.4 | . . . . heavy drinking qh |
| SN | A pattern of drinking that exceeds some standard of moderate drinking or (more equivocally) social drinking. Often defined in terms of drinking more than a certain volume (e.g., three drinks per day) or quantity per occasion (e.g., five drinks at least once per week). | |
| ST | heavy alcohol use |
| AD12.16.4.2 | . . . . . binge drinking qh |
| SN | A pattern of heavy drinking that occurs in an extended period set aside for the purpose of drinking. In population surveys the period is usually defined as more than one day of drinking at a time. The activity of binge drinking also is referred to as "bout drinking" or "spree drinking." The term "drinking bout" is used to refer to the occasion. A binge drinker or bout drinker is one who drinks predominantly in this fashion, often with intervening periods of abstinence. | |
| BT | +AD12.16.2e binge AOD use qh ah |
| AD12.18e | . . . AOD use frequency qh |
| ST | AOD use pattern by frequency | |
| RT | +AD12.6e AOD consumption qh ah | |
| MC12.8.2e social drinking qh ah |
| AD12.18.4 | . . . . one-time AOD use qh |
| ST | single AOD use | |
| RT | AD14.4 short-term AOD use qh ah |
| AD12.18.6 | . . . . infrequent AOD use qh |
| AD12.18.8 | . . . . occasional AOD use qh |
| ST | sporadic AOD use |
| AD12.18.10 | . . . . periodic AOD use qh |
| NT | +AD12.16.2e binge AOD use qh ah |
| AD12.18.12 | . . . . regular AOD use qh |
| AD14e | . . AOD use duration qh |
| ST | duration of AOD exposure |
| AD14.2 | . . . acute AOD use qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| ST | acute AOD exposure |
| AD14.4 | . . . short-term AOD use qh |
| ST | short-term AOD exposure | |
| RT | AD12.18.4 one-time AOD use qh ah | |
| AH4.2e AOD use inexperience qh ah | ||
| +EE14.4.6.6 acute drug effect qh ah |
| AD14.6 | . . . long-term AOD use qh |
| ST | chronic AOD exposure | |
| chronic AOD use | ||
| long-term AOD exposure | ||
| RT | AH4.4e AOD use experience qh ah | |
| +EE14.4.6.8 chronic drug effect qh ah | ||
| HF16.6.8e mean corpuscular volume qh ah |
| AE | . factors interacting with AOD use behavior d-out qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| BT | +AC description of AODU qh ah |
| AE2 | . . AOD use control qh |
| SN | Refers to individual control of personal AOD use, not the external control of AOD use. For external control, use *+ME10.4 external control* qh ah or *LN16 supervision level in context* qh ah. | |
| BT | +FS20 controlled and uncontrolled behavior qh ah | |
| RT | FD18.4e internal external locus of control qh ah | |
| LN16 supervision level in context qh ah |
| AE2.2e | . . . controlled AOD use qh |
| SN | AOD use that is moderated to avoid intoxication or hazardous use. The term is applied especially when there is a reason to question the ability to use AOD in a controlled fashion at all times, as in
the case of individuals who have exhibited signs of AOD dependence or harmful AOD use. This term also refers to the maintenance of regular, noncompulsive substance use that does not interfere with
ordinary functioning.
See the scope note (SN) for *+AE2 AOD use control* qh ah. | |
| BT | +FS20.2 controlled behavior qh ah | |
| +JL2e treatment goals qh ah | ||
| RT | +AD12.14e moderate AOD use qh ah |
| AE2.4 | . . . impaired AOD use control qh |
| ST | loss of control over AOD use | |
| BT | +FS20.4 uncontrolled behavior qh ah | |
| RT | AE6e AOD craving qh ah | |
| FS22e compulsion qh ah | ||
| +GC6e AOD dependence qh ah | ||
| GC16.6 alcohol dependence qh ah |
| AE4e | . . AOD tolerance qh |
| SN | A decrease in response to a drug dose that occurs with continued use. Increased doses of alcohol or another drug are required to achieve effects originally produced by lower doses. Both physiological and psychosocial factors may contribute to the development of tolerance. Tolerance may be physical, behavioral, or psychological. With respect to physiological tolerance, both metabolic and/or functional tolerance may develop. By increasing the rate of metabolism of the substance, the body may be able to eliminate the substance more readily. Functional tolerance is defined as a decrease in sensitivity of the central nervous system to the substance. | |
| ST | functional AOD tolerance | |
| RT | AH2.4e AOD habituation qh ah | |
| +Be AOD substance or product qh ah | ||
| GA12.6 adaptation to disease qh ah | ||
| +GC6e AOD dependence qh ah | ||
| +YC14.2.2e alcohol dehydrogenases qh ah |
| AE4.4 | . . . biological AOD tolerance qh |
| ST | organic AOD tolerance | |
| physical AOD tolerance | ||
| physiological AOD tolerance | ||
| RT | +EA22.2e biological adaptation qh ah | |
| +EE12e pharmacokinetics qh ah | ||
| +EE14.4.6 drug effect by time qh ah | ||
| +YKe receptors qh ah |
| AE4.6 | . . . psychobehavioral AOD tolerance qh |
| RT | +FK16e social learning qh ah | |
| +FM adjustment qh ah |
| AE4.6.2 | . . . . psychological AOD tolerance qh |
| RT | +FM adjustment qh ah |
| AE4.6.4 | . . . . behavioral AOD tolerance qh |
| SN | Behavioral tolerance is a change in the effect of a drug due to learning or alteration of environmental constraints. | |
| RT | +FK16e social learning qh ah | |
| +LM context qh ah |
| AE4.8 | . . . acute AOD tolerance qh |
| SN | Acute tolerance is a rapid, temporary accommodation to the effect of a substance following a single dose. |
| AE4.10e | . . . cross-tolerance qh |
| SN | The development of tolerance to a substance to which the individual has not previously been exposed to as a result of acute or chronic intake of another substance. The two substances, usually but not invariably, have similar pharmacological effects. Cross-tolerance is apparent when a dose of the novel substance fails to produce the expected effect. | |
| RT | AA2.6e multiple drug use qh ah | |
| GC6.6e cross-dependence qh ah | ||
| +JQ6.4.2.4e detoxification qh ah |
| AE4.12 | . . . loss of AOD tolerance qh |
| HN | Changed descriptor 2000; through 1999 use "loss of tolerance." |
| AE4.14e | . . . AOD sensitivity qh |
| ST | alcohol or other drug sensitivity | |
| RT | AJ4.4e neurobiological theory of AODU qh ah | |
| +GA10.8.2e disease susceptibility qh ah |
| AE4.14.4 | . . . . AOD sensitization qh |
| SN | Refers to a condition in which the response to a substance increases with repeated use. | |
| ST | AOD reverse tolerance |
| AE6e | . . AOD craving qh |
| SN | A very strong desire for a psychoactive substance or for the intoxicating effects of that substance. Craving is a term in popular use for the mechanism presumed to underlie *AE2.4 impaired AOD use control* qh ah. Craving is thought by some to develop, at least partly, as a result of conditioned associations that evoke conditioned withdrawal responses. It also may be induced by the provocation of any physiological arousal state resembling an alcohol or other drug withdrawal syndrome. | |
| SN | A compelling urge that intrudes upon the drug user's thoughts, affects the user's mood, and compels alternation in his/her behavior. Urgent and overpowering desire, irresistible impulse to use the substance measured by frequency, intensity, and duration. | |
| ST | AOD urge | |
| RT | AD6e AOD-seeking behavior qh ah | |
| AE2.4 impaired AOD use control qh ah | ||
| +AH20e AODD relapse qh ah | ||
| EA24.8.8.6e appetite qh ah | ||
| FL6.4.4.2e alcohol cue qh ah | ||
| FS22e compulsion qh ah | ||
| +GC6e AOD dependence qh ah | ||
| +GC8e AOD withdrawal syndrome qh ah | ||
| GC16.6 alcohol dependence qh ah | ||
| GZ14.2.2e panic disorder qh ah |
| AE8e | . . AOD use susceptibility qh |
| BT | +GA10.8.2e disease susceptibility qh ah | |
| RT | +AKe causes of AODU qh ah | |
| +JA6.6e risk factors qh ah | ||
| JD6e public health prevention model qh ah | ||
| JG26.2.2.6 assessment for AODU susceptibility qh ah |
| AFe | . purpose of AOD use d-out qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| ST | AOD use values | |
| reason for AOD use | ||
| NT | +MC12.6e AOD use in ceremony or ritual qh ah | |
| OH2 AOD substance used for technical purposes qh ah | ||
| +OZ4.2 AODU to enhance sports performance qh ah | ||
| OZ12.2e AOD use at sporting event qh ah | ||
| BT | +AC description of AODU qh ah | |
| RT | AD6e AOD-seeking behavior qh ah | |
| +MCe sociocultural aspects of AOD use qh ah | ||
| +MC12e sociocultural AOD use qh ah | ||
| +ME4.6 folkways and customs qh ah | ||
| +MX14e spiritual and religious rites qh ah |
| AF4e | . . AOD use for intoxication qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| ST | AOD as an intoxicant |
| AF6e | . . AOD use as a form of socializing qh |
| RT | +LN28e social event qh ah |
| AF8e | . . AOD use as a form of relaxation qh |
| ST | AOD use as a form of celebration |
| AF10e | . . AOD use as an adjunct to recreation qh |
| NT | OZ12.2e AOD use at sporting event qh ah | |
| BT | +LN32.2 recreation qh ah |
| AF12 | . . AOD use for taste enjoyment qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| AF14 | . . AOD use for nutritional purposes qh |
| ST | AOD as a nutrient |
| AF16 | . . AOD use for medicinal purposes qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| ST | AOD as a medicine | |
| AOD as a therapeutic | ||
| medicinal use of AOD |
| AHe | natural history of AODU d-out qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| SN | Natural history of alcohol or other drug use, abuse, and dependence. | |
| ST | natural history of substance use | |
| BT | +GA12e natural history of disease qh ah | |
| RT | +AC description of AODU qh ah |
| AH2e | AODU development qh |
| SN | The sequence in the level of involvement with a particular drug (e.g., from initiation of use, to experimentation, to casual use to abuse). Do not confuse with *+AH6 stage in drug use* qh ah, which is the sequence of the progression from one class of drugs to another. | |
| RT | +AH6 stage in drug use qh ah | |
| AJ10.10e gateway theory of AODU qh ah |
| AH2.2e | . AOD use initiation qh |
| ST | first AOD use | |
| initiation | ||
| NT | LN2 context of initiation of AOD use qh ah |
| AH2.2.2e | . . recent onset of AOD use qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. |
| AH2.2.4e | . . AOD experimentation qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| SN | Use of a drug, usually a particular drug (sometimes including alcohol or tobacco), the first few times. Sometimes refers to extremely infrequent or nonpersistent use. | |
| ST | experimental AOD use |
| AH2.2.6 | . . AOD-use-to-AOD-abuse transition qh |
| ST | transition from AOD use to AOD abuse |
| AH2.2.8 | . . AOD-abuse-to-AOD-dependence transition qh |
| ST | transition from AOD use or abuse to AOD dependence |
| AH2.4e | . AOD habituation qh |
| SN | Being accustomed to any behavior or condition, including psychoactive substance use. In the context of drugs, habituation takes on overtones of dependence. A 1957 WHO Expert Committee distinguished drug habituation from drug addiction by a lack of physical dependence; a desire, rather than a compulsion, to take the drug; and little or no tendency to increase the dose. In 1964 another WHO Expert Committee replaced both terms with the term "drug dependence". | |
| BT | +FK10 habituation qh ah | |
| RT | +AE4e AOD tolerance qh ah |
| AH4 | inexperience and experience in AOD use qh |
| AH4.2e | . AOD use inexperience qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| RT | AD14.4 short-term AOD use qh ah |
| AH4.4e | . AOD use experience qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| RT | AD14.6 long-term AOD use qh ah |
| AH6 | stage in drug use qh |
| SN | The sequence of the use of and addiction to a class of drugs (e.g., from alcohol to tobacco to marijuana to hard drugs). Alcohol usually comprises the first stage. The sequence often is as follows: alcohol, marijuana, pills, hard drugs. Do not confuse with *+AH2 AODU development* qh ah, which is the sequence of the level of involvement with a drug. Do not confuse with *HZ14 stages of change* qh ah. | |
| ST | stages in AOD use | |
| NT | AJ10.10e gateway theory of AODU qh ah | |
| RT | +AH2e AODU development qh ah |
| AH8 | drug substitution (abuse) qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| SN | Use of one drug to lessen the withdrawal symptoms from another. | |
| RT | +HK2.10.2.2 AOD replacement method qh ah |
| AH10 | AODU maintenance qh |
| SN | Maintenance of an AOD use habit. Do not confuse with *+HK2.10.2 chemical maintenance method* qh ah or long term care. |
| AH12e | age of AODU onset qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| RT | +GA12.2e disease onset qh ah | |
| +JA6.12 internal risk and protective factors qh ah |
| AH12.2e | . early AODU onset qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| RT | GA12.2.2e early disease onset qh ah |
| AH12.4e | . late AODU onset qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| RT | GA12.2.4e late disease onset qh ah |
| AH14 | appearance of AODR consequences qh |
| RT | +ALe AOD effects and AODR problems qh ah | |
| +LKe life event qh ah |
| AH16 | denial vs acknowledgment of AODD qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| AH16.2 | . denial of AODD qh |
| AH16.4 | . acknowledgment of AODD qh |
| SN | Acceptance that one has an alcohol or other drug disorder. Usually there is denial up until this point. Often a person will reach "rock bottom" before acknowledging that he or she has an AOD problem. | |
| ST | reaching bottom |
| AH18e | AODD recovery qh |
| SN | The maintaining of abstinence from alcohol and/or other drug use by any means. The term is particularly associated with mutual-help groups. In Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and other 12-step groups, it is the process of attaining and maintaining sobriety. Since recovery is viewed as a lifelong process, an AA member is always viewed internally as a recovering alcoholic, although the term "recovered alcoholic" may be used as a description to the outside world. | |
| ST | alcohol or other drug use disorder recovery | |
| recovery from substance abuse | ||
| RT | GA12.8.12e recovery from disease qh ah | |
| +HK2.6e cessation of AODU qh ah | ||
| TL2.2.2 former AOD dependent qh ah |
| AH18.2e | . spontaneous AODD remission qh |
| SN | The cessation of alcohol or drug misuse, dependence, or problems without benefit of therapy or a mutual self-help group. Also called natural remission. Epidemiological data suggest that many remissions occur without therapy or mutual-help group membership. Some people prefer the term "natural recovery" to avoid the disease connotation of remission. | |
| ST | natural AODD remission | |
| natural recovery | ||
| BT | +GA12.8.4e remission qh ah | |
| RT | HK2.6.2 cold turkey qh ah | |
| HZ6.10.2e self-change qh ah |
| AH20e | AODD relapse qh |
| SN | A return to drinking or other drug use after a period of abstinence, often accompanied by reinstatement of dependence symptoms. Some writers distinguish between relapse and lapse ("slip"), with the latter denoting an isolated occasion of alcohol or other drug use. | |
| ST | alcohol or other drug use disorder relapse | |
| relapse into substance abuse | ||
| relapse into substance use disorder | ||
| BT | +GA12.8.16 relapse qh ah | |
| RT | AE6e AOD craving qh ah | |
| JP22.6e relapse prevention qh ah | ||
| JP22.8 relapse treatment qh ah | ||
| +YP2.8e AOD relapse prevention agents qh ah |
| AH20.2 | . AODD reinstatement qh |
| SN | Return to a preexisting level of use and dependence in a person who has resumed AOD use following a period of abstinence. As described, not only does the subject return to the previous pattern of regular or intensive substance use, but there is also a rapid reinstatement of other dependence elements, such as impaired control, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms. Primarily used in the phrase "rapid reinstatement," which is a feature in some descriptions of the alcohol dependence syndrome but not included as a criterion in ICD-10. | |
| ST | rapid reinstatement | |
| RT | +GC6e AOD dependence qh ah |
| AJe | theory of AODU d-out qh |
| SN | Etiological theories of AODU. This descriptor is heavily related to and overlaps with *+AK causes of AODU* qh ah. | |
| ST | etiologic models of AODU | |
| BT | +GA8 disease model qh ah | |
| RT | +AKe causes of AODU qh ah | |
| FR6e problem behavior theory qh ah | ||
| +GA6e disorder analysis qh ah | ||
| +GA10e etiology qh ah | ||
| +JDe prevention model qh ah | ||
| RA4 definitions and theories qh ah |
| AJ2e | biopsychosocial AOD use disorder theory qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 1995. | |
| SN | Posits that AOD use is influenced by many risk factors and that the probability and severity of AOD use increases with the number of risk factors an individual experiences. | |
| ST | integrative model of AODU | |
| multiple risk factor theory of AODU | ||
| BT | +GA8.2 biopsychosocial disease model qh ah |
| AJ2.2 | . vulnerability model of AODU disorder qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| RT | +JA6.6e risk factors qh ah |
| AJ4e | biological AOD use disorder theory qh |
| RT | +AK4.2e biological AODC qh ah | |
| +EA4e biochemical mechanism qh ah |
| AJ4.2e | . disease theory of AODU qh |
| SN | The belief that AOD dependence (including alcoholism) is a condition of primary biological causation and predictable natural history conforming to accepted definitions of a disease. | |
| ST | disease concept of AODU | |
| disease model of AODU | ||
| BT | +GA8.6e medical model qh ah | |
| RT | +GA6.6e disorder classification qh ah |
| AJ4.4e | . neurobiological theory of AODU qh |
| SN | The theory that neuroadaptive processes play an important role in the etiology of alcohol or other drug use disorders. Genetic predetermination plays a large role in this theory. | |
| RT | +AE4.14e AOD sensitivity qh ah |
| AJ4.6e | . neurobehavioral theory of AODU qh |
| SN | The theory that alcohol or other drug use disorders are attributed to a link between certain behavioral disturbances and neural system dysfunction and interpreted within a neuropsychological framework. Genetic predetermination plays a large role in this theory. | |
| RT | +EW6e neurotransmission qh ah | |
| +GZe behavioral and mental disorder qh ah |
| AJ4.8e | . genetic theory of AODU qh |
| SN | The theory that alcohol or other drug use disorders may be hereditary and not acquired. | |
| BT | +EXe genetics and heredity qh ah | |
| RT | EY12.2e hereditary factors qh ah | |
| +HF26.4e genetic markers qh ah |
| AJ6e | psychological AOD use disorder theory qh |
| NT | AJ10.10e gateway theory of AODU qh ah | |
| BT | +GA8.8.2 psychological disease model qh ah | |
| RT | +AK4.4e psychological AODC qh ah |
| AJ6.2e | . personality theory of AODU qh |
| SN | This theory assumes that there are certain personality traits that predispose an individual to AOD use. There is not a pre-AOD personality structure per se, and experimental studies have been unable to distinguish the personality traits of AOD users consistently from those of the general population. The term "AOD personality" often is used to describe the subject who is immature, dependent, impulsive, and easily frustrated. | |
| BT | +FD2 personality as an AODC qh ah |
| AJ6.4e | . self-awareness theory of AODU qh |
| SN | This theory attempts to understand the causes and effects of AOD use in terms of AOD pharmacologic action. This theory maintains that the pharmacologic action affects the cognitive processes, specifically the self-aware state, rather than the physiologic stress response. AOD decreases self-awareness, which in turn has behavioral consequences contrary to those associated with increased self-awareness, thereby decreasing appropriate behaviors. | |
| BT | +FD18.2e self-awareness qh ah |
| AJ6.6e | . problem behavior theory of AODU qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Posits that many problem behaviors (such as AOD use, certain sexual activity, and general deviant behavior) are caused by the same cluster of factors as opposed to theories that see different factors for different problem behaviors. The causative factors are seen as variations in the individual personality system, perceived environmental structures (such as perceptions of parental and peer values and behavior), socialization patterns, and demographic status. The model emphasizes the subject's perception of the environment (rather than simply the environmental as it exists objectively) as an antecedent of disorder. |
| AJ6.8e | . disinhibition theory of AODU qh |
| SN | This theory posits that AOD suppresses inhibitory constraints on "instinctual" impulses (i.e., that alcohol increases aggression or sexual arousal and functioning). This theory has been found to be flawed due to lack of evidence. Moreover, it has been found that the effect of AOD on these behaviors varies from culture to culture. | |
| BT | +FR20.4e disinhibition qh ah |
| AJ6.10e | . psychoanalytic theory of AODU qh |
| SN | This theory follows Freud and his ideas regarding the components of the self and their functioning during the four stages of psychosexual development. The etiology of alcohol or other drug use disorders develops from three main sources of maladaptive behavior: (1) seeking sensual satisfaction (this includes escaping pain or anxiety); (2) conflict among the components of the self (the id, superego, and ego); and (3) fixation in the infantile past. | |
| ST | psychoanalytic model of AODU | |
| RT | +FD12 psychoanalytic personality factor qh ah |
| AJ6.12e | . attribution theory of AODU qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| SN | This theory is concerned with the way in which individuals interpret the causes of their own AOD abuse behavior. The individual looks to a variety of internal and external sources of information. | |
| BT | +FS8e personal responsibility qh ah | |
| RT | +FR16.2.2.2e AOD expectancies qh ah |
| AJ6.14 | . self-derogation theory of AODU qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | This theory hypothesizes that deviant behavior, including AOD use, is motivated by the earlier development of self-rejection attitudes. Repeated self-devaluing experiences in a membership group take away an individual's motivation to conform with normative patterns of behavior. When this happens, the person seeks deviant alternatives to boost self-esteem. |
| AJ6.16 | . social development theory of AODU qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Posits that social interaction plays a fundamental role in the development of cognition. | |
| ST | social development model of AODU |
| AJ6.16.2e | . . social learning theory of AODU qh |
| SN | This theory posits that personal factors, environment, and behavior are interlocking determinants of each other. The principles of learning, cognition, and reinforcement are important in this theoretical viewpoint. This theory examines the individual's social learning history; his or her cognitive set, such as expectations or beliefs about the effects of AOD; and the physical and social settings in which usage occurs. | |
| ST | cognitive social learning theory of AODU | |
| social learning model of AODU | ||
| BT | +AJ10e sociocultural AOD use disorder theory qh ah | |
| +FK6e conditioning qh ah | ||
| +FK16e social learning qh ah | ||
| RT | +LB4e socialization qh ah |
| AJ6.18e | . conditioning theory of AODU qh |
| SN | This theory involves the relevance and implications of classical conditioning with respect to preferences and aversions for AOD, AOD tolerance, AOD urges or cravings, and the role of classical conditioning in AOD withdrawal. | |
| ST | classical conditioning theory of AODU | |
| BT | +FK6.2e classical conditioning qh ah | |
| RT | +GC8.8 conditioned AOD withdrawal syndrome qh ah |
| AJ6.20 | . conditional preference model of AODU qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| AJ6.22e | . expectancy theory of AODU qh |
| SN | This theory stresses the importance of cognitive factors in the initiation and maintenance of AOD use behaviors. Expectancy refers to the anticipation of a systematic relationship between events or objects in a specific upcoming situation. | |
| BT | +FR16.2.2.2e AOD expectancies qh ah |
| AJ6.24e | . tension reduction theory of AODU qh |
| SN | This theory is based on behavioral learning principles and contains two hypotheses: (1) AOD reduces tension and (2) individuals use AOD for their tension-reducing properties. Tension reduction theory is a component of other etiological models, such as stress response dampening. | |
| BT | +EA18.4.2e biological adaptation to stress qh ah | |
| +FQe psychological stress qh ah | ||
| +FQ2e stress as an AODC qh ah |
| AJ8e | moral AOD use disorder theory qh |
| ST | moral AOD development theory | |
| RT | +MY2e ethics qh ah |
| AJ8.2 | . personal responsibility theory of AODU qh |
| BT | +FS8e personal responsibility qh ah |
| AJ10e | sociocultural AOD use disorder theory qh |
| NT | AJ6.16.2e social learning theory of AODU qh ah | |
| RT | +AK6.8e sociocultural AODC qh ah | |
| +EY12e hereditary vs environmental factors qh ah |
| AJ10.2e | . systems theory of AODU qh |
| SN | The main premise of this theory is that behavior is determined and maintained by the ongoing dynamics and demand of the key interpersonal system(s) within which the individual interacts. Views people as primarily social beings rather than as a reflection of personality and psychological variables. | |
| RT | +JG4e systems approach to prevention qh ah |
| AJ10.4e | . availability theory of AODU qh |
| SN | This theory maintains that the greater the availability of AOD in society, the greater the prevalence and severity of AODR problems in society. | |
| BT | +MT2.10e AOD availability qh ah |
| AJ10.6e | . anthropological theory of AODU qh |
| SN | This theory emphasizes the beliefs, attitudes, norms, and values that a population holds with respect to AOD and the ways in which they shape behavior, which in turn affects the individual. | |
| BT | +LBe culture and personality qh ah | |
| +ME sociocultural values, norms, and social control qh ah | ||
| RT | +MX14e spiritual and religious rites qh ah |
| AJ10.8e | . economic theory of AODU qh |
| SN | This theory emphasizes the investigation of the social costs of excessive AOD use and the economic dimensions of governmental policies aimed at changing consumption habits. Economic models have been developed to investigate the factors that influence AOD consumption and how AOD-related problems are linked to consumption levels. Two key elements of economic models are the modeling of AOD consumption and the linking of AOD consumption with AOD abuse and dependence. | |
| RT | +AD12.6e AOD consumption qh ah | |
| +MP18.2e public policy on AOD qh ah | ||
| MT2.12e AOD price qh ah | ||
| +MT8.6.8 consumption qh ah | ||
| +MT8.10.4 price and pricing qh ah |
| AJ10.10e | . gateway theory of AODU qh |
| SN | This theory posits that certain drugs, whether licit or illicit, serve as "gateways" or open the way to the use of another drug, usually one viewed as more problematic. Many studies, particularly among adolescents, have found that alcohol use is the first stage in the sequence of the use of and addiction to other drugs. The sequence is often as follows: alcohol, marijuana, pills, hard drugs. | |
| ST | stage theory of AODU | |
| BT | +AH6 stage in drug use qh ah | |
| +AJ6e psychological AOD use disorder theory qh ah | ||
| RT | +AH2e AODU development qh ah | |
| BA4e gateway drug qh ah |
| AJ10.12e | . public health model of AODU qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | An alternative to the disease, moral/criminal, and "no problem" models is the public health model (PHM). It has the following characteristics:
Substance abuse is seen as a far-reaching social, economic, and political problem that is a unity, not a duality or tripartite phenomenon. The PHM considers the "legal/illegal" duality as artificial and not related to either health considerations or to science. The problem is seen primarily as one of health and health deficits, not of morality, crime, or (other than in a limited number of cases) disease. The public health model recognizes that while, in most cases, drug use is not a disease, in every drug user use increases the risk of contracting one or more diseases or conditions damaging to one's health. |
| AKe | causes of AODU d-out qh |
| ST | AODC | |
| causes of AOD use, abuse, and dependence (AODC) | ||
| determinant of AODU | ||
| influence on AODU | ||
| BT | +GA10e etiology qh ah | |
| RT | AE8e AOD use susceptibility qh ah | |
| +AJe theory of AODU qh ah | ||
| +FR18.2 innate and learned behavior qh ah | ||
| +JA6.6e risk factors qh ah | ||
| +RS2.6e causal model qh ah |
| AK2e | multiple AODC qh |
| BT | +GA10.6 multiple disease cause qh ah |
| AK4e | internal AODC qh |
| BT | +GA10.2 internal disease cause qh ah | |
| RT | JG26.2.2.6 assessment for AODU susceptibility qh ah |
| AK4.2e | . biological AODC qh |
| ST | biochemical AODC | |
| physical AODC | ||
| BT | +E concepts in biomedical areas qh ah | |
| +GA10.2.2 biological disease cause qh ah | ||
| RT | +AJ4e biological AOD use disorder theory qh ah | |
| +YMe other biological factors qh ah |
| AK4.2.2 | . . genetic AODC qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| ST | genetic vulnerability to AODU | |
| RT | +HB4.6.2.4e AODR genetic markers qh ah |
| AK4.4e | . psychological AODC qh |
| ST | psychological factor in AODU | |
| NT | +FD2 personality as an AODC qh ah | |
| FP2e emotion as an AODC qh ah | ||
| +FQ2e stress as an AODC qh ah | ||
| FR2 attitude and behavior as an AODC qh ah | ||
| FR16.8.2.2.2 self-esteem as an AODC qh ah | ||
| BT | +FAe psychology qh ah | |
| +GA10.2.4 psychological disease cause qh ah | ||
| RT | +AJ6e psychological AOD use disorder theory qh ah |
| AK6e | external AODC qh |
| ST | sociocultural and contextual factors | |
| BT | +GA10.4 external disease cause qh ah | |
| RT | JG26.2.2.8 assessment for environmental AODU risk qh ah |
| AK6.2 | . physical environment as AODC qh |
| BT | +GA10.4.2 physical environment as disease cause qh ah |
| AK6.4e | . life circumstances as AODC qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 1995. | |
| BT | +GA10.4 external disease cause qh ah | |
| +LHe life circumstances, life events qh ah | ||
| +LH4 life circumstances qh ah | ||
| RT | +LKe life event qh ah | |
| +TRe socioeconomic status qh ah |
| AK6.6e | . interpersonal AODC qh |
| ST | microcontextual influences on AODU | |
| NT | FR2 attitude and behavior as an AODC qh ah | |
| LG2.4e family as an AODC qh ah | ||
| BT | +GA10.4 external disease cause qh ah | |
| +LC interpersonal interaction and group dynamics qh ah | ||
| +LC2e interpersonal interaction qh ah | ||
| RT | +MM26.6.2e spouse abuse qh ah | |
| +MM26.6.4e child abuse qh ah |
| AK6.8e | . sociocultural AODC qh |
| ST | cultural factor in AODU | |
| cultural influences on AODU | ||
| macrocontextual influences on AODU | ||
| social factor in AODU | ||
| social influences on AODU | ||
| sociocultural factor in AODU | ||
| NT | +MP18.2e public policy on AOD qh ah | |
| MU2.2e unemployment as an AODC qh ah | ||
| MU2.10e work-related factor predisposing to AODU qh ah | ||
| BT | +GA10.4.4 sociocultural disease cause qh ah | |
| +MAe sociology and anthropology qh ah | ||
| RT | +AJ10e sociocultural AOD use disorder theory qh ah |
| AK8 | resistance to AODD qh |
| BT | +GA10.8.4 resistance to disease qh ah | |
| RT | +JA6.8e protective factors qh ah |
| ALe | AOD effects and AODR problems d-out qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| NT | +AMe AOD effects and consequences qh ah | |
| +ANe AODR interpersonal and societal problems qh ah | ||
| RT | AH14 appearance of AODR consequences qh ah | |
| +EE14.4.4e beneficial vs adverse drug effect qh ah | ||
| +GB AODD and AODR disorder qh ah | ||
| +JG10.4.4.4.2 dissemination of AODE information qh ah |
| AMe | AOD effects and consequences d-out qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| SN | The physiological and psychological effects on the individual user resulting from AOD use. These effects may stem from the pharmacological actions of the psychoactive compounds or other ingredients (*+AM2 AODE* qh ah) or from contaminated AOD use implements, accidents due to intoxication, etc. (*+AM4 AOD associated consequences* qh ah). Combine with descriptors that indicate the nature of the effect (the system or function affected) unless sufficiently implied by a precombined narrower term, such as *FQ4 AODE on stress* qh ah. For interpersonal, familial, or societal problems caused by or related to AODU, use *+AN AODR interpersonal and societal problems* qh ah. | |
| ST | effects and consequences of AOD use, abuse, and dependence | |
| NT | +GDe AODR disorder qh ah | |
| BT | +ALe AOD effects and AODR problems qh ah | |
| RT | +FJe cognition qh ah | |
| +FR28e interpersonal communication qh ah | ||
| +GK disorder by body system or organ function qh ah | ||
| +JB2.4.2 prevention of AOD effects and consequences qh ah | ||
| +Xe body part qh ah |
| AM2e | . AODE qh |
| SN | The physiological and psychological effects of AOD on the individual user and their sequelae, specifically effects based on the pharmacological properties of the psychoactive compounds. Combine with descriptors from *+EE14.4 drug effect* qh ah and *+EE14.4.6 drug effect by time* qh ah, as appropriate. Also combine with descriptors that indicate the nature of the effect (the system or function affected). | |
| ST | AOD effects | |
| biological effects of substances of abuse | ||
| physiological effects of substances of abuse | ||
| NT | FD6 AODE on personality qh ah | |
| FP4e AODE on emotion qh ah | ||
| FQ4e AODE on stress qh ah | ||
| FR16.8.2.2.4 AODE on self-esteem qh ah | ||
| +GB AODD and AODR disorder qh ah | ||
| +GDe AODR disorder qh ah | ||
| JB2.4.2.2e prevention of AODE qh ah | ||
| +NF22.2.2e AODE on academic performance qh ah | ||
| BT | +EE14.4 drug effect qh ah | |
| RT | +AM6e AOD impairment qh ah | |
| +EE14.4.4e beneficial vs adverse drug effect qh ah | ||
| +FJe cognition qh ah |
| AM2.2e | . . physiological AODE qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| SN | For example, effects of alcohol use on the liver or of tobacco smoking on the lungs. | |
| NT | +EE20.4e reproductive effects of AODU qh ah | |
| RT | +GDe AODR disorder qh ah |
| AM2.4e | . . psychobehavioral AODE qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| ST | psychobehavioral effects of substances of abuse | |
| NT | FD6 AODE on personality qh ah | |
| FP4e AODE on emotion qh ah | ||
| FQ4e AODE on stress qh ah | ||
| FR16.8.2.2.4 AODE on self-esteem qh ah | ||
| +NF22.2.2e AODE on academic performance qh ah |
| AM2.6e | . . acute AODE qh |
| BT | +EE14.4.6.6 acute drug effect qh ah |
| AM2.8e | . . chronic AODE qh |
| BT | +EE14.4.6.8 chronic drug effect qh ah |
| AM4e | . AOD associated consequences qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| SN | Consequences of AOD use on the individual user that are not directly related to the pharmacological properties of the AOD substance, such as infection from needle use or accidents caused by AODU. | |
| RT | +AM6e AOD impairment qh ah | |
| +AN4e interpersonal AODR problems qh ah |
| AM4.2e | . . AODR injury qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | This includes *GH6.2.4.2 unintentional injury* qh ah caused by lack of coordination due to acute intoxication or permanent AOD-induced impairment as well as *GH6.2.4.4 injury caused by assault* qh ah, intoxication making a person an easy victim and *GH6.2.4.6 self-inflicted injury* qh ah. | |
| NT | +JB2.4.2.4.2e AODR injury prevention qh ah | |
| BT | +GH6.2e injury qh ah | |
| RT | AM6.4e AODR disability qh ah |
| AM6e | . AOD impairment qh |
| SN | Damage to an individual or impaired functioning as a result of AOD use. The impairment may be an *+AM2 AODE* qh ah or an *+AM4 AOD associated consequences* qh ah. | |
| BT | +GA2.8e impaired health qh ah | |
| RT | +GB AODD and AODR disorder qh ah | |
| +GDe AODR disorder qh ah | ||
| MU12.12.2 impaired job performance qh ah | ||
| MX14.2 AODR state in spiritual experience qh ah | ||
| +TL8e AOD-impaired qh ah |
| AM6.4e | . . AODR disability qh |
| SN | All problems, illnesses, and other consequences secondary to harmful AOD use, acute intoxication, or dependence that inhibit a person's capacity to act normally in the context of social or economic activities. Examples include the decline in social functioning and physical activity that accompanies alcoholic liver cirrhosis, drug-related HIV infection, or alcohol-related traumatic injury. | |
| ST | alcohol- or drug-related disability | |
| personal AODE | ||
| RT | +AM4.2e AODR injury qh ah | |
| +GDe AODR disorder qh ah | ||
| +GD4 alcohol related disorder qh ah |
| AM8e | . AOD induced risk qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| SN | For example, risk of breast cancer induced by smoking. | |
| BT | +JA6.6e risk factors qh ah | |
| +MT10.4 risk qh ah | ||
| RT | +JA6.12.6 biological risk and protective factors qh ah |
| ANe | AODR interpersonal and societal problems d-out qh |
| HN | Changed descriptor 1995; through 1995 also use "AODR problems." ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| SN | Interpersonal, familial, or societal problems caused by or related to AODU. | |
| ST | alcohol- or other drug-related problems | |
| social and other consequences of drinking | ||
| socioenvironmental effects | ||
| NT | JB2.4.4e prevention of AODR problems qh ah | |
| MM16.2.2e AODR violence qh ah | ||
| OR2 AODR safety problems qh ah | ||
| PB6.12.2.10e AODR accident mortality qh ah | ||
| BT | +ALe AOD effects and AODR problems qh ah | |
| RT | +AMe AOD effects and consequences qh ah | |
| +GDe AODR disorder qh ah | ||
| +JB4.6.2e harm reduction qh ah |
| AN4e | . interpersonal AODR problems qh |
| HN | Changed descriptor 1995; through 1995 also use "AODR problems." | |
| SN | AOD-related problems in the interaction between two people or in small groups, including the family, which affect the AOD user as well those in the proximal environment. AOD effects and consequences with respect to the ability of an individual to interact should be indexed here and when appropriate can be combined with *+AM2 AODE* qh ah or *+AM4 AOD associated consequences* qh ah and appropriate descriptors from *+FA psychology* qh ah and *+LB culture and personality* qh ah. | |
| ST | difficulties encountered due to AOD use | |
| NT | +LG2.6e AODR family problems qh ah | |
| MM2.2.4e crime committed in AODR state qh ah | ||
| +MO6.6.12.2 AOD-related arrest qh ah | ||
| MU2.12.2 codependent coworker qh ah | ||
| BT | +LC2e interpersonal interaction qh ah | |
| +LH4.2 interpersonal problems qh ah | ||
| +MK12.2.2e social cost of AOD qh ah | ||
| RT | GZ2.22.8 impaired social functioning qh ah | |
| HB6.8 personal problem as AODD indicator qh ah | ||
| +LB16.8e social detachment qh ah | ||
| +LC interpersonal interaction and group dynamics qh ah | ||
| LC2.8 perception by others qh ah | ||
| +LG18.12e family role qh ah | ||
| +LKe life event qh ah | ||
| LK2.24.2 problems at school qh ah | ||
| +LK2.34 legal problem as a life event qh ah | ||
| +LK4.2 problems with spouse, family, or friend qh ah | ||
| MF2.4.2 citizen's role qh ah | ||
| +MU12.12e job performance qh ah | ||
| +MU14.4 problems at work qh ah | ||
| +NF20e affective and interpersonal education qh ah |
| AN6 | . problems for those close to the AOD user qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Includes effects on mental health, injuries caused by the AOD user, abuse and victimization by the AOD user, having to assume the AOD user's responsibilities at home or at work. | |
| ST | problems for those in the AOD user's environment |
| AN6.2e | . . codependence qh |
| SN | A relationship in which the actions of a member of the family or close friend or colleague of an alcohol or drug dependent person tend to perpetuate the person's dependence and thereby retard the process of recovery. In the past, use of the term has implied an attributed need for treatment or help, and some people have proposed classifying codependence as a psychiatric disorder. The term is also now used figuratively concerning the community or society acting as an enabler of alcohol or drug dependence. | |
| ST | AODU enabling | |
| coalcoholism | ||
| codependency | ||
| NT | LG2.6.2 codependent family member qh ah | |
| MU2.12.2 codependent coworker qh ah | ||
| RT | +FD20.4e psychosocial dependence qh ah | |
| JP10.10 environmental treatment factors qh ah | ||
| +TW2.10.4.6e children of alcoholics qh ah | ||
| +TW10 codependent qh ah |
| AN8e | . societal AODR problems qh |
| HN | Changed descriptor 1995; through 1995 also use "AODR social problems." | |
| SN | AODR problems in all facets of society (e.g., social functioning, the economy, and public safety). The AOD effects on the individual and the associated consequences for the AOD user and those in the
proximal environment all have their counterpart at the level of society, imposing burdens on society. The related terms listed above indicate the range of these burdens.
These descriptors can also be used to index pertinent individual life events. Thus "driven while intoxicated" (an event in a person's life that signals AODR personal problems) would be indexed as *+LK2.34 legal problem as a life event* qh ah and *+AN8.4 AOD use and driving* qh ah. | |
| NT | +MK12.2.2e social cost of AOD qh ah | |
| MM2.2.2 crime associated with AOD production and distribution qh ah | ||
| MM2.2.4e crime committed in AODR state qh ah | ||
| +MT2.14.2.2 social and economic cost of AOD qh ah | ||
| +MT2.14.2.2.2e economic cost of AODU qh ah | ||
| MU2.4e unemployment due to AODU qh ah | ||
| PB6.12.2.10e AODR accident mortality qh ah | ||
| BT | +MK10e social problems qh ah | |
| RT | +GC2e AOD abuse qh ah | |
| +MU2e work-related AOD issue qh ah |
| AN8.2e | . . public AOD use qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| BT | +LR16 public area qh ah |
| AN8.2.2 | . . . public intoxication qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| RT | +MN20.4.4 public AOD use laws qh ah |
| AN8.2.4 | . . . public drinking qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| BT | +BBe alcohol in any form qh ah | |
| +MM20.6.6 illegal alcohol use qh ah |
| AN8.2.4.2e | . . . . public drunkenness qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| RT | MN20.8.6.2 public alcoholic beverage use laws qh ah |
| AN8.4 | . . AOD use and driving qh |
| SN | Refers to the overall problem of AOD use and driving, including the prevalence and consequences and drinking and driving laws. | |
| ST | driving under the influence of alcohol and other drugs | |
| driving while intoxicated | ||
| impaired driving | ||
| impairment of driving ability | ||
| NT | JG10.4.6.8 drinking and driving education qh ah | |
| +MN32.2 drinking-and-driving laws qh ah | ||
| +MN32.2.2e DWI laws qh ah | ||
| BT | +AA2e AOD use qh ah | |
| +MM20e AOD offense qh ah | ||
| +OR12e accident factor qh ah | ||
| +OR12.2 AOD use as accident factor qh ah | ||
| RT | +OR4.10.2 driver safety qh ah | |
| +OR8.12.2e traffic accident qh ah | ||
| PD6.4e prevalence qh ah | ||
| TY4.4e impaired driver qh ah |
| AN8.4.4e | . . . drinking and driving qh |
| SN | Refers to the overall concept of drinking and driving from a sociocultural, psychosocial perspective including prevalence and consequences of alcohol use and driving and drinking and driving laws. | |
| ST | drunk driving | |
| drunken driving | ||
| NT | +MN32.2.2e DWI laws qh ah | |
| BT | +BBe alcohol in any form qh ah | |
| +MM20.6e alcohol offense qh ah | ||
| RT | JF12.2e server intervention qh ah | |
| JG24.2.2e ride program qh ah | ||
| MN36.6.10.6.2e electronic monitoring of offenders qh ah | ||
| MO6.6.4.2e roadside sobriety check qh ah | ||
| +OBe AOD use detection technology qh ah | ||
| +OR8.12.2e traffic accident qh ah | ||
| TY4.6e designated driver qh ah |
| AN8.6e | . . underage AOD use qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| BT | +MM20e AOD offense qh ah | |
| RT | LN24 age restriction in context qh ah | |
| +TL4.6 young AOD user qh ah |
| AN8.6.2e | . . . underage drinking qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| ST | adolescent drinking | |
| BT | +BBe alcohol in any form qh ah | |
| +MM20.6.6 illegal alcohol use qh ah | ||
| RT | LN24 age restriction in context qh ah | |
| +MN20.8.6.4e minimum drinking age laws qh ah | ||
| +TD4.2 below drinking age qh ah | ||
| TL4.6.2e underage drinker qh ah |
| AN8.6.4 | . . . underage smoking qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| BT | +BDe tobacco in any form qh ah | |
| +MM20.8.4 illegal tobacco use qh ah | ||
| RT | MN20.10.2.2 minimum tobacco purchase age laws qh ah |
| AN10e | . international AODR problems qh |
| SN | Problems related to alcohol and/or other drugs that cross two or more nations' borders. For example, use this term for documents dealing with the trafficking of drugs in a global region, or studying alcohol abuse from an international public health perspective, or the smuggling of alcoholic beverages from one country to another. Do not use this term when a document is discussing an AOD-related problem within the confines of a single other country. | |
| NT | MM20.10.4.4e drug trafficking qh ah | |
| BT | +PV4.8 international area qh ah | |
| RT | +LR physical context or place qh ah | |
| +VA geographic area qh ah |
classification thesaurus glossary dictionary definition subject heading list ontology vocabulary knowledge structure knowledge organization terminology concept