AOD Thesaurus.  Annotated Hierarchy.  psychology.  FF - FK24
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FFestate of consciousness   d-out   qh
BT+FAe psychology    qh   ah
RT+GA2.2.2e physical activity    qh   ah
+GF2.28e consciousness disturbance    qh   ah
+GXe nervous system disorder    qh   ah
FF2e.  awareness   qh
RT+EA8.4.2 biological arousal    qh   ah
FF2.2e.  .  attention   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 1995.
ST alertness
NT+FJ4.14e attention span    qh   ah
RT+FG2.4 tracking (perception)    qh   ah
 OB10.4.8 divided attention analyzer    qh   ah
+XZe central nervous system    qh   ah
+XZ8.2.4e brainstem    qh   ah
FF2.2.2e.  .  .  divided attention   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
RT OB10.4.8 divided attention analyzer    qh   ah
FF2.2.4e.  .  .  selective attention   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
FF2.4.  .  diminished awareness   qh
FF2.4.2.  .  .  daydream   qh
FF2.6.  .  wakefulness and sleep   qh
FF2.6.2e.  .  .  wakefulness   qh
FF2.6.4e.  .  .  sleep   qh
NT+GZ28e sleep disorder    qh   ah
RT EA8.18.2e circadian rhythm    qh   ah
+EA22.4 biological rest    qh   ah
+XZe central nervous system    qh   ah
+XZ4 brain circuit    qh   ah
+XZ8.2.4e brainstem    qh   ah
FF2.6.4.2e.  .  .  .  REM sleep   qh
ST active eye movement sleep
active sleep
desynchronized sleep
dream sleep
rapid eye movement sleep
RT EV4.2.2.14 rapid eye movement    qh   ah
FF2.6.4.4e.  .  .  .  NREM sleep   qh
ST delta sleep
nonrapid eye movement sleep
quiet sleep
S-sleep
slow-wave sleep
synchronized sleep
FF2.6.6e.  .  .  dreams   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 2000.
NT GZ28.6.2 nightmare    qh   ah
 HZ8.4.6 dream analysis    qh   ah
RT+FH cognition, learning, and memory    qh   ah
+FJe cognition    qh   ah
+FLe memory    qh   ah
FF4.  alternate state of consciousness   qh
NT+MX14.4e meditation    qh   ah
RT+GZ2.4 perceptual disturbance    qh   ah
 GZ2.4.6 hallucination    qh   ah
+GZ28e sleep disorder    qh   ah
FF4.2.  .  drug induced state of consciousness   qh
RT GD2.2.6 AODR organic delusional syndrome    qh   ah
+GD2.2.8e AODR hallucinosis    qh   ah
FF4.4.  .  near-death experience   qh
RT+FF6 parapsychological phenomena    qh   ah
FF4.6.  .  out-of-body experience   qh
FF4.8.  .  hypnotic state   qh
RT HZ10.2e hypnotherapy    qh   ah
FF6.  parapsychological phenomena   qh
RT FF4.4 near-death experience    qh   ah
FF6.2.  .  extrasensory perception   qh
SN The reception of information by means other than the usual senses.
ST ESP
FF6.4.  .  psychokinesis   qh
SN Direct mental influence over physical objects or processes.

FGesensory perception   d-out   qh
SN Use *+FG sensory perception* qh ah if the psychological aspects of perception are discussed. Use *+EV2 sensation* qh ah if the biological aspects of sensation/perception are discussed. If both concepts are dealt with, use both terms.
ST perception
NT FJ4.2e apperception    qh   ah
BT+FAe psychology    qh   ah
RT+CHe sensory stimuli    qh   ah
+EVe sensory system function    qh   ah
+EV2e sensation    qh   ah
 EW12.2e CNS information processing    qh   ah
 EW14 sensorimotor integration    qh   ah
+FG2.4 tracking (perception)    qh   ah
 FL4.2 sensory memory    qh   ah
+GWe sensory system disorder    qh   ah
+GZ2.4 perceptual disturbance    qh   ah
 GZ2.4.6 hallucination    qh   ah
+XVe sensory system    qh   ah
+XWe nervous system    qh   ah
FG2e.  perceptual development   qh
SN Stages of growth in organizing and understanding sensory impressions. The process of recognizing, identifying, or becoming aware of objects, qualities, or relations.
BT+FJ2e cognitive development    qh   ah
FG2.2e.  .  perceptual motor development   qh
ST sensorimotor development
FG2.4.  .  tracking (perception)   qh
HN No longer an ETOH descriptor. Use *FG2.4.2.2 visual tracking* qh ah or *+FG sensory perception* qh ah as appropriate.
SN Following the movement of a stimulus or the contours or shape of a stationary target by means of direct physical contact or through any sensory modality.
RT+EV4.2.2.10 optokinetic movement    qh   ah
+FF2.2e attention    qh   ah
 OB10.4.2 critical tracking analyzer    qh   ah
FG2.4.2e.  .  .  physical dexterity   qh
FG2.4.2.2e.  .  .  .  visual tracking   qh
BT+FG28e visual perception    qh   ah
RT+FG2.4 tracking (perception)    qh   ah
 XV6.6.6e visual cortex    qh   ah
FG2.4.2.4e.  .  .  .  rotary pursuit   qh
FG4.  perceptual stimulation   qh
RT EA8.6 biological stimulation    qh   ah
FG6.  perceptual constancy   qh
SN The stable perception of a stimulus in any sensory modality despite changes in its objective properties.
FG8.  perceptual distortion   qh
SN An individual's lack of correspondence between the common perception of a stimulus and perception. Perceptual distortion does not involve hallucinatory or illusory components but is a function of individual differences.
FG10.  perceptual discrimination   qh
NT FG24 pattern discrimination    qh   ah
 FG28.2 visual discrimination    qh   ah
 FG30.2 auditory discrimination    qh   ah
 FG30.4 auditory acuity    qh   ah
 FG34.2 odor discrimination    qh   ah
FG12.  perceptual acuity   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
FG14.  perceptual orientation   qh
SN Awareness of one's position in time and space.
FG14.2.  .  time perspective   qh
SN Mental representation of temporal relationships or the capacity to remember events in their actual chronology. Also, one's outlook on the past, present, and/or future in relation to subjective qualities of time passage.
FG14.4.  .  perceptual spatial orientation   qh
ST spatial orientation (perception)
RT FJ4.6e cognitive mapping    qh   ah
FG16e.  perceptual motor process   qh
ST psychomotor process
sensorimotor process
sensorimotor skills
RT EJ6e body balance    qh   ah
+EJ14e motor coordination    qh   ah
+EVe sensory system function    qh   ah
 GZ2.6.6e psychomotor impairment    qh   ah
+OM vehicle operator performance    qh   ah
FG16.2.  .  perceptual motor coordination   qh
FG16.4.  .  sensory integration   qh
SN The coordination of two or more perceptual modes (e.g., visual and tactile) while attending to a single phenomenon.
FG18.  perception by what is perceived   qh
FG20e.  time perception   qh
SN Perception of duration, simultaneity, or succession in the passage of time.
ST temporal perception
FG22e.  spatial perception   qh
RT+FG28e visual perception    qh   ah
+XV8.2.6.4 vestibular labyrinth    qh   ah
FG22.2e.  .  depth perception   qh
RT EV4.4.6 binocular vision    qh   ah
 XV6.6.6e visual cortex    qh   ah
FG22.4e.  .  distance perception   qh
ST distance discrimination
RT EV4.4.6 binocular vision    qh   ah
FG22.6.  .  motion perception   qh
ST movement perception
FG22.8.  .  spatial ability   qh
BT+FE6.2e cognitive ability    qh   ah
FG24.  pattern discrimination   qh
SN Distinguishing temporal, spatial, or pictorial/symbolic regularities (patterns) of visual, auditory, or other types of stimuli. Includes the concept of pattern perception.
BT+FG10 perceptual discrimination    qh   ah
RT+EW12.6.4 brain model    qh   ah
 XV6.6.6e visual cortex    qh   ah
FG26.  perception by sense   qh
FG28e.  visual perception   qh
NT FG2.4.2.2e visual tracking    qh   ah
 FG36.4.2 texture perception    qh   ah
RT+EV4e visual system function    qh   ah
+EV4.2e eye function    qh   ah
+EV4.4e vision    qh   ah
+FG22e spatial perception    qh   ah
+GW8e visual system disorder    qh   ah
 HG20.2.2e vision tests    qh   ah
+XV6.2e eye    qh   ah
FG28.2.  .  visual discrimination   qh
BT+FG10 perceptual discrimination    qh   ah
FG28.4.  .  visuospatial ability   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
ST visual spatial ability
FG28.6.  .  visual acuity   qh
NT+GW8.4.2e impaired visual acuity    qh   ah
FG28.8.  .  visual contrast   qh
FG28.10e.  .  binocular depth inversion   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
FG30e.  auditory perception   qh
SN Awareness, detection, or identification of sounds.
ST hearing perception
listening
RT EV6 auditory sense    qh   ah
+GW10e auditory system disorder    qh   ah
 HG20.4.2e hearing tests    qh   ah
+XV8 auditory system    qh   ah
+XV8.2e ear    qh   ah
FG30.2.  .  auditory discrimination   qh
SN Ability to distinguish sounds of varying frequencies, intensities, and patterns.
BT+FG10 perceptual discrimination    qh   ah
FG30.4.  .  auditory acuity   qh
BT+FG10 perceptual discrimination    qh   ah
FG30.6.  .  auditory localization   qh
FG32e.  taste perception   qh
NT FK6.8.4e taste conditioning    qh   ah
RT CH6e taste    qh   ah
 EV8 gustatory sense    qh   ah
+XV10.2 gustatory organ    qh   ah
 XV10.4.2e taste receptor    qh   ah
FG34e.  olfactory perception   qh
ST smell perception
RT CH8e smell    qh   ah
 EV10 olfactory sense    qh   ah
+GW12e olfactory system disorder    qh   ah
+XV12e olfactory system    qh   ah
+XV12.2e olfactory membrane    qh   ah
FG34.2.  .  odor discrimination   qh
BT+FG10 perceptual discrimination    qh   ah
FG36.  somesthetic perception   qh
SN An awareness of bodily conditions and stimuli involving kinesthetic and cutaneous perception.
RT+EV12 somatosense    qh   ah
+HG20.6 somatosensory system diagnosis    qh   ah
FG36.2.  .  temperature perception   qh
RT EV12.2.2 sense of temperature    qh   ah
FG36.4.  .  tactual perception   qh
SN An awareness of the qualities or characteristics of objects, substances, or surfaces by means of touch.
ST tactual discrimination
touch
RT+EV12.2 skin sense    qh   ah
 EV12.2.4e sense of touch    qh   ah
FG36.4.2.  .  .  texture perception   qh
SN Perception of the surface characteristics (frequently patterned) or appearance of objects or substances, usually through the visual or cutaneous senses.
BT+FG28e visual perception    qh   ah
FG36.6.  .  pain perception   qh
RT EV12.2.6e sense of pain    qh   ah

FHcognition, learning, and memory   d-out   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
NT+FJe cognition    qh   ah
+FKe learning    qh   ah
+FLe memory    qh   ah
BT+FAe psychology    qh   ah
RT+FEe intelligence and ability    qh   ah
+FE4 intelligence    qh   ah
+FF2.6.6e dreams    qh   ah
+FR16 attitude    qh   ah
+FV general concepts related to thought processes    qh   ah
+GW2 sense organ disorder    qh   ah
+GXe nervous system disorder    qh   ah
+GZ2.10e cognitive and memory disorder    qh   ah

FJecognition   d-out   qh
SN The mental processes involved in perception, thinking, learning, and reasoning; often contrasted with affect (feeling) and volition (will).
ST perception of the world
BT+FAe psychology    qh   ah
+FH cognition, learning, and memory    qh   ah
RT+AMe AOD effects and consequences    qh   ah
+AM2e AODE    qh   ah
 FB12.6 cognitive psychology    qh   ah
+FD18.10 cognitive style    qh   ah
+FF2.6.6e dreams    qh   ah
 FK12 observational learning    qh   ah
 NA12.4.10 linguistic competence    qh   ah
+NA12.8 communicative competence    qh   ah
FJ2e.  cognitive development   qh
NT+FE2e intellectual development    qh   ah
+FG2e perceptual development    qh   ah
BT+FCe psychological development    qh   ah
RT FD20.6.6 egocentrism    qh   ah
FJ2.2.  .  cognitive accommodation   qh
SN Process of adjusting one's schema to fit environmental demands.
FJ2.4.  .  cognitive development period   qh
ST Piaget's theory
FJ2.4.2.  .  .  sensorimotor period   qh
NT FV18.8 insight    qh   ah
FJ2.4.4.  .  .  preoperational period   qh
NT FD20.6.6 egocentrism    qh   ah
FJ2.4.4.2.  .  .  .  psychological conservation   qh
ST conservation (psychology)
FJ2.4.6.  .  .  concrete operations period   qh
ST period of concrete operations
FJ2.4.8.  .  .  formal operation period   qh
ST period of formal operation
NT FV4.2.4 abstract concept    qh   ah
FJ4e.  cognitive process   qh
SN Processes based on perception, introspection, or memory through which an individual obtains knowledge or conceptual understanding (e.g., perceiving, judging, abstracting, reasoning, imagining, remembering, and anticipating).
ST cognitive function
human information process
human information processing
mental process
thinking process
thought process
NT+FV8.4.2 concept formation    qh   ah
+FV18.4e reasoning    qh   ah
 LC2.2e interpersonal perception    qh   ah
RT FM4.10.20 intellectualization    qh   ah
 FQ6.8.4.2e cognitive dissonance    qh   ah
FJ4.2e.  .  apperception   qh
SN Recognition of the relationship between that which is directly perceived and that which was previously acquired, accompanied by a sense of comprehension.
BT+FGe sensory perception    qh   ah
FJ4.4.  .  cognitive assimilation   qh
SN Process of interpreting events in a way that fits existing ideas or schema.
FJ4.6e.  .  cognitive mapping   qh
SN Patterning by an individual of experiences and expectations in order to form perceptions of cause-effect or means-ends relationships.
RT FG14.4 perceptual spatial orientation    qh   ah
FJ4.8.  .  serial ordering   qh
SN Process of arranging items successively according to a definite principle (e.g., temporal, spatial, logical, qualitative, or quantitative).
FJ4.10.  .  associative process   qh
SN Development or maintenance of learned or cognitive connections (i.e., associations) between events, sensations, ideas, memories, or behavior as the result of functional relationships, similarity-contrast, or spatial-temporal contiguity.
ST association (psychology)
FJ4.12.  .  mental concentration   qh
SN Cognitive effort directed to one object or area of study.
ST concentration (mental)
mindfulness
FJ4.14e.  .  attention span   qh
SN Temporal duration of concentration or amount of material grasped during exposure to stimuli or information.
NT NF24.6.4.2 student attention span    qh   ah
BT+FF2.2e attention    qh   ah
RT+GZ12.2e attention deficit disorder    qh   ah
FJ4.16e.  .  ideation   qh
SN Process of idea or image formation.
FJ4.16.2.  .  .  imagination   qh
RT+FD18.10.6e creativity    qh   ah
 FV18.6 intuition    qh   ah
FJ4.18.  .  thinking   qh
SN Cognitive process involving use of symbols in the manipulation of concepts and ideas.
NT FJ4.20.6 magical thinking    qh   ah
 FV4.2.4 abstract concept    qh   ah
+FV18.4e reasoning    qh   ah
RT+FV general concepts related to thought processes    qh   ah
FJ4.20.  .  thought disturbance   qh
SN Disturbances of thought content, language, or communication characterized by delusions, incoherence, and marked breakdown in associations.
RT+GZe behavioral and mental disorder    qh   ah
FJ4.20.2.  .  .  perseverative thinking   qh
SN The repetition of a mental activity with an inability to switch to another activity.
ST perseveration
RT+GZ2 mental symptom    qh   ah
FJ4.20.4.  .  .  obsessive thinking   qh
FJ4.20.6.  .  .  magical thinking   qh
BT+FJ4.18 thinking    qh   ah
FJ4.22e.  .  reaction time   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
SN The minimal time interval between the onset of a stimulus and the beginning of a subject's response to that stimulus. A measure of cognitive proficiency.

FKelearning   d-out   qh
SN The process by which relatively permanent changes occur in behavioral potential as a result of experience.
ST reinforcement and learning
NT+FR18.2.4e learned behavior    qh   ah
BT+FAe psychology    qh   ah
+FH cognition, learning, and memory    qh   ah
RT+FB4e behaviorism    qh   ah
+FCe psychological development    qh   ah
+FD8e personality development    qh   ah
+FD18.10 cognitive style    qh   ah
+FEe intelligence and ability    qh   ah
+FLe memory    qh   ah
+FL2 short-term and long-term memory    qh   ah
 FL8.6.2.8 relearning    qh   ah
+FM adjustment    qh   ah
+LB4e socialization    qh   ah
+NFe education and training    qh   ah
+NF18.4e instruction    qh   ah
FK2e.  learning ability   qh
SN Capacity to acquire a behavior, a skill, or knowledge from experience, formal instruction, or conditioning.
BT+FE4 intelligence    qh   ah
FK2.2.  .  learning to learn   qh
FK4e.  behavior modification   qh
SN Use of classical conditioning or operant conditioning learning techniques to modify behavior.
NT+HZ12e behavior therapy    qh   ah
RT+FE10.4.4e self-management skills    qh   ah
+FE10.4.8e stress management skills    qh   ah
+FR14e behavioral change    qh   ah
FK6e.  conditioning   qh
SN A form of learning (or teaching or training) in which an organism learns the association between a conditioned stimulus A and an unconditioned stimulus B (*+FK6.2 classical conditioning* qh ah) or a stimulus/response combination A and a reinforcer B (*+FK6.4 operant conditioning* qh ah). In either case, the organism learns from a contingency of two elements, that is, the occurrence of element B is contingent on the prior occurrence of element A.
ST conditioning process
NT AJ6.16.2e social learning theory of AODU    qh   ah
RT+FB4e behaviorism    qh   ah
+FNe motivation    qh   ah
+HJe treatment method    qh   ah
+HZ12e behavior therapy    qh   ah
FK6.2e.  .  classical conditioning   qh
SN Classical conditioning focuses on the way in which responses (often involuntary responses, such as salivation, heart rate, blood pressure, or aspects of emotion a person has no control over) may be evoked by particular stimuli (i.e., objects or events). Classical conditioning is based on an existing pattern where an unconditioned stimulus (US; often a "biologically active" stimulus, such as food) evokes an involuntary unconditioned response (UR), such as salivation, and, using that pattern, seeks to establish a pattern where a different stimulus, called the conditioned (or learned) stimulus (CS, usually a "biologically neutral" stimulus that does not evoke a significant response, such as the ringing of a bell), evokes a conditioned or learned response (CR, often the same as the UR). In a classical conditioning trial, the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly followed by the unconditioned stimulus; the probability of the unconditioned stimulus is much higher once the conditioned stimulus was presented (the US is contingent on the CS). The unconditioned stimulus evokes the unconditioned response. After sufficient repetition, the conditioned stimulus alone evokes the conditioned response. In brief, the US is made contingent on the CS and, as a consequence, the CS acquires the capacity to elicit a CR. The conditioned or learned response, which may be different from the unconditioned response, is often an adaptive response in anticipation of the unconditioned stimulus.
ST Pavlovian conditioning
respondent conditioning
NT AJ6.18e conditioning theory of AODU    qh   ah
RT+EW12.6.4 brain model    qh   ah
+FK6e conditioning    qh   ah
+GC8.8 conditioned AOD withdrawal syndrome    qh   ah
FK6.2.2e.  .  .  aversion conditioning   qh
SN Classical conditioning in which the subject is trained to have a response of negative feelings when presented with a given conditioned stimulus, such as seeing a person drinking alcohol. This is achieved by repeated pairings of an unconditioned stimulus that already evokes negative feelings in the subject with the conditioned stimulus.
ST aversive conditioning
RT FK6.4.4.2 punishment (conditioning)    qh   ah
+FNe motivation    qh   ah
 FP14.14 repulsion    qh   ah
+FQ6.8.4 internal conflict    qh   ah
+HZ12.2e aversion therapy    qh   ah
FK6.2.2.2e.  .  .  .  covert sensitization   qh
SN Form of aversion conditioning in which noxious mental images, thoughts, or feelings are associated with undesirable behavior by verbal cues. Frequently used in therapeutic settings.
RT FK6.4.6 covert conditioning    qh   ah
 HZ12.2.6 verbal aversion therapy    qh   ah
FK6.2.4.  .  .  counterconditioning   qh
HN Introduced 1995.
SN Classical conditioning based on the fact that it is impossible to maintain antagonistic responses to the same stimulus. This is used to replace a harmful association, an undesirable existing response, with beneficial associations, such as training a subject to overcome irrational fear: By treating the fear-evoking stimulus as the conditioned stimulus and pairing it repeatedly with an unconditioned stimulus that evokes a pleasant response, the undesirable response is countered and replaced by the pleasant response. Another example is conditioning negative reactions to the taste of alcohol or nicotine, formerly associated with pleasurable reactions.
ST reciprocal inhibition
FK6.2.4.2.  .  .  .  desensitization (conditioning)   qh
HN Introduced 1995.
SN A form of behavior therapy that is used most commonly in phobic disorders and consists of a combination of relaxation exercises with exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli. The patient constructs an anxiety hierarchy of situations that make him or her anxious. The therapist then begins with the least stressful situation and directs the patient to imagine it while he or she is in a state of relaxation. The scene is presented again and again until it can be tolerated without anxiety. The therapist works systematically up the list, until even the most frightening situation can be imagined without anxiety. In almost all cases, that which the patient can imagine without anxiety also can be ultimately experienced without anxiety.
ST systematic desensitization
RT HZ12.10 relaxation techniques    qh   ah
FK6.4e.  .  operant conditioning   qh
SN In operant conditioning an organism learns a three-way contingency: that in a given stimulus situation A (a cage, a classroom, a written word, a given social group) a given response B (pressing a lever, walking or talking, saying the right word, drinking) will be followed by a reinforcement (or punishment) C (food, teacher disapproval, teacher approval, recognition in the group). A reinforcer (reward) is stimulus (a change in the environment) that is desirable (thus reinforcing the response); a punisher is a change in the environment that is undesirable or aversive (thus punishing the response). Through repetition of this sequence, a reinforced response becomes more likely and punished response less likely. Note that a response or behavior includes not doing something; for example, for a smoker, not lighting a cigarette is a response that could be rewarded.
ST instrumental conditioning
NT+FK6.6.6 reinforcer or punisher    qh   ah
+FK8.4e discrimination learning    qh   ah
RT+FK6e conditioning    qh   ah
FK6.4.2e.  .  .  reinforcement   qh
SN The process by which an effect resulting from a particular behavior increases the probability that the behavior will recur.
      Operant conditioning in which a given behavior is followed by a desirable change in the environment, called a reinforcer, making the behavior more likely. The desirable change may be any of the following: appearance of a pleasant condition (such as provision of food), disappearance of an existing unpleasant condition (such as discontinuance of some unpleasant sound), or nonappearance of an expected unpleasant condition (such as not receiving an otherwise expected electric shock).
ST reward (psychology)
RT+FK16e social learning    qh   ah
+FNe motivation    qh   ah
FK6.4.2.2e.  .  .  .  positive reinforcement   qh
SN Reinforcement in which a given behavior results in the appearance of a desirable stimulus or reward (rat presses lever, food appears), making the behavior more likely.
RT FN8 incentive    qh   ah
FK6.4.2.4e.  .  .  .  negative reinforcement   qh
SN Reinforcement in which a given behavior results in the disappearance of an existing aversive stimulus or the nonappearance of an expected aversive stimulus (in either case, a desirable change or reward), making the behavior more likely.
RT FK6.6.10 conditioned inhibition    qh   ah
FK6.4.2.4.2.  .  .  .  .  escape conditioning   qh
SN Reinforcement in which a given behavior results in the disappearance of an existing aversive stimulus (rat presses lever, unpleasant sound waves stop; a desirable change or reward), making the behavior more likely.
FK6.4.2.4.4e.  .  .  .  .  avoidance conditioning   qh
SN Reinforcement in which a given behavior results in the nonappearance of an expected aversive stimulus (rat receives shock after bell rings, but when rat presses lever after ring, rat avoids shock; a desirable change or reward), making the behavior more likely.
FK6.4.2.6e.  .  .  .  learned helplessness   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 1995.
SN The phenomenon that organisms that have repeatedly received aversive stimuli that could not be avoided by any response come to ignore the relationship between their behavior and environmental outcomes and thus do not learn responses that lead to avoidance of an aversive stimulus even if the situation has changed to allow such responses.
BT+FQ8 psychological response to stress    qh   ah
RT FP14.6.2e emotional depression    qh   ah
FK6.4.4.  .  .  discouragement (conditioning)   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
SN The process by which an effect resulting from a particular behavior decreases the probability that the behavior will recur.
FK6.4.4.2.  .  .  .  punishment (conditioning)   qh
HN Introduced 1995.
SN Operant conditioning in which a behavior is followed by an aversive stimulus, called a punisher (rat steps on a certain area, receives shock), making the behavior less likely.
RT+FK6.2.2e aversion conditioning    qh   ah
+HZ12.2e aversion therapy    qh   ah
 LG14.4.4.4 child discipline    qh   ah
+MN36e criminal penalty    qh   ah
+NF24.8e school discipline    qh   ah
FK6.4.4.4.  .  .  .  omission training   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
SN Operant conditioning in which a behavior is followed by the withholding of an expected desirable stimulus, making the behavior less likely.
FK6.4.6.  .  .  covert conditioning   qh
HN Introduced 1995.
SN A form of operant conditioning in which the subject is asked to imagine the behavior and its consequence rather than experiencing it in reality.
RT FK6.2.2.2e covert sensitization    qh   ah
FK6.4.8.  .  .  behavior shaping   qh
SN A form of operant conditioning in which a difficult behavior is taught by reinforcing successive approximations.
FK6.6.  .  general conditioning concepts   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
FK6.6.2.  .  .  unconditioned and conditioned stimulus   qh
FK6.6.2.2e.  .  .  .  unconditioned stimulus   qh
FK6.6.2.4e.  .  .  .  conditioned stimulus   qh
RT+FL6.4.4 cue    qh   ah
FK6.6.4.  .  .  unconditioned and conditioned response   qh
FK6.6.4.2e.  .  .  .  unconditioned response   qh
ST unconditioned reflex
FK6.6.4.4e.  .  .  .  conditioned response   qh
ST acquired reflex
conditioned reflex
trained reflex
FK6.6.6.  .  .  reinforcer or punisher   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
BT+FK6.4e operant conditioning    qh   ah
FK6.6.6.2.  .  .  .  primary reinforcer or punisher   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
SN A reinforcer that is in itself desirable or undesirable.
FK6.6.6.4.  .  .  .  secondary reinforcer or punisher   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
SN A previously neutral stimulus that has acquired the ability to reinforce behavior as a consequence of being paired with a primary reinforcer or punisher (for example, money).
ST conditioned reinforcer or punisher
FK6.6.8e.  .  .  cue reactivity   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
RT+FL6.4.4 cue    qh   ah
FK6.6.10.  .  .  conditioned inhibition   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
SN If the unconditioned stimulus (US) is less likely to occur when the conditional stimulus (CS) is present, the organism, when presented with the CS, is less likely to exhibit the conditioned response (the organism acts as if it expects the US not to occur). Put differently, organisms can be trained to negatively associate a CS with a US, and the CS then becomes a conditioned inhibitor for the responding.
RT+FK6.4.2.4e negative reinforcement    qh   ah
FK6.6.12.  .  .  associative bias   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
SN Organisms have a bias for associating stimuli that are likely to be related in their environment
FK6.6.14e.  .  .  blocking (conditioning)   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
SN When the conditioned stimulus (CS) A is a more reliable predictor of an unconditioned stimulus (US) than CS B, that CS A blocks conditioning of CS B.
FK6.6.16e.  .  .  extinction (conditioning)   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 2000.
SN Phenomenon that the conditioned response weakens or ceases when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without being followed by the unconditioned stimulus (neutral presentation).
FK6.6.18.  .  .  spontaneous recovery   qh
SN Phenomenon that, given a rest period after a series of neutral presentations of the conditioned stimulus, the organism will once again emit the conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is presented.
FK6.8.  .  conditioning by type of stimulus   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
FK6.8.2e.  .  .  place conditioning   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
SN Learned behavior or the conditioning procedure in which a stimulus is paired with an environment, location, or physical position.
ST conditioned place aversion
conditioned place preference
place aversion learning
place preference learning
BT+LM context    qh   ah
FK6.8.4e.  .  .  taste conditioning   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
ST conditioned taste aversion
conditioned taste preference
taste aversion learning
taste preference learning
BT+FG32e taste perception    qh   ah
FK8.  generalization vs discrimination in learning   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
FK8.2.  .  generalization (learning)   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 2000.
SN The phenomenon that an organism that has learned to respond to a particular stimulus responds in the same manner to stimuli that are similar to the original one.
ST generalization (conditioning)
secondary generalization
RT+FK8.4e discrimination learning    qh   ah
+FV8.4.2 concept formation    qh   ah
FK8.4e.  .  discrimination learning   qh
SN Learning paradigm in which an organism learns to discriminate between possibly similar stimuli. Responses to one stimulus are reinforced while responses to another stimulus either are not reinforced or are punished. Counteracts *FK8.2 generalization (learning)* qh ah.
ST discriminative learning
BT+FK6.4e operant conditioning    qh   ah
RT FK8.2 generalization (learning)    qh   ah
FK8.4.2e.  .  .  drug discrimination   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 1995.
SN A discrimination-learning paradigm used to study psychopharmacological and neuropharmacological phenomena. Also, the organism's ability to discriminate the presence, absence, or other qualitative aspects of a chemical substance.
RT+Be AOD substance or product    qh   ah
+EE14.4 drug effect    qh   ah
FK10.  habituation   qh
SN Progressive decrease in responsiveness to repetitive stimuli.
NT AH2.4e AOD habituation    qh   ah
FK12.  observational learning   qh
ST cognitive learning
BT+NF18.4e instruction    qh   ah
RT+FJe cognition    qh   ah
FK14.  inductive learning   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
SN Learning the structure and rules of a particular domain without direct instruction. Involves uncertain inferences from experience.
RT+FV18.4.2 inductive vs deductive reasoning    qh   ah
FK16e.  social learning   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 2000.
NT AJ6.16.2e social learning theory of AODU    qh   ah
BT+FD10 behavioral/cognitive approach to personality    qh   ah
+FN2 theories of motivation    qh   ah
+LB4e socialization    qh   ah
+NF18.4e instruction    qh   ah
RT+AE4.6 psychobehavioral AOD tolerance    qh   ah
 AE4.6.4 behavioral AOD tolerance    qh   ah
+FD18e personality trait    qh   ah
 FD18.6e self-control    qh   ah
+FK6.4.2e reinforcement    qh   ah
+FR18.2.4e learned behavior    qh   ah
FK16.2.  .  imitation (learning)   qh
ST modeling behavior
RT+LB4e socialization    qh   ah
FK16.2.2.  .  .  simulation (learning)   qh
FK16.2.2.2e.  .  .  .  role playing   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 2000.
SN Psychological or behavioral enactment of social roles other than one's own. Typically seen in child's play; also used as an experimental, instructional, or psychotherapeutic technique.
RT FR18.2.4.2e role model    qh   ah
 FR18.2.4.8e role taking    qh   ah
+HZe psychosocial treatment method    qh   ah
 HZ2.6.6.2e psychodrama    qh   ah
+HZ8.4e psychoanalytic therapy    qh   ah
+MF2.4e social role    qh   ah


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