| EUe | endocrine function d-out qh |
| SN | For endocrine regulation of specific systems or functions, use *+EA8 biological regulation* qh ah and, if appropriate, combine with the specific target system. For studies concerning general endocrine functions of specific body systems or organs, use *+EU endocrine function* qh ah and specific *+X body part* qh ah. | |
| ST | endocrine physiology | |
| NT | ES4.4.2 ovarian hormone secretion qh ah | |
| ES4.6.4 testicular hormone secretion qh ah | ||
| BT | +EH body system or organ function qh ah | |
| +XUe endocrine system qh ah | ||
| RT | +EA8e biological regulation qh ah | |
| EA8.14 biological integration qh ah | ||
| EB22e hormone metabolism qh ah | ||
| +GVe endocrine disorder qh ah | ||
| +HG18e endocrine diagnosis qh ah | ||
| +XU4e endocrine gland qh ah | ||
| +YFe hormones qh ah | ||
| +YH2.4.6e angiotensin qh ah |
| EU2e | . endocrine pathways and axes qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| BT | +FV10e causal pathways qh ah |
| EU2.2 | . . hormonal cascade qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| ST | endocrine cascade |
| EU2.2.2 | . . . stress hormone cascade qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| EU2.4e | . . hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis qh |
| HN | Changed descriptor 2000; through 1999 use "hypothalamus-pituitary axis." | |
| ST | adrenal system | |
| adrenergic system | ||
| HPA | ||
| hypophysis adrenal axis | ||
| hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis | ||
| hypothalamus hypophysis axis | ||
| hypothalamus-pituitary axis | ||
| NT | HG18.6 pituitary-adrenal function test qh ah | |
| RT | +EA8.2 regulatory loop qh ah | |
| +EA18.4.2e biological adaptation to stress qh ah | ||
| +ESe reproductive function qh ah | ||
| +XU4.8e adrenal gland qh ah | ||
| +XU4.12e pituitary gland qh ah |
| EU2.6e | . . hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| RT | +XQ2e gonad qh ah | |
| +XU4.12e pituitary gland qh ah |
| EU2.8e | . . hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis qh |
| HN | Changed descriptor 2000; through 1999 use "pituitary-thyroid axis." | |
| ST | hypophysis thyroid axis | |
| pituitary-thyroid axis | ||
| RT | +XU4.2e thyroid qh ah | |
| +XU4.12e pituitary gland qh ah |
| EVe | sensory system function d-out qh |
| ST | the senses | |
| NT | EW14 sensorimotor integration qh ah | |
| BT | +EH body system or organ function qh ah | |
| +XVe sensory system qh ah | ||
| RT | +CHe sensory stimuli qh ah | |
| EG12e signal transduction qh ah | ||
| EW12.2e CNS information processing qh ah | ||
| +FGe sensory perception qh ah | ||
| +FG16e perceptual motor process qh ah | ||
| +GWe sensory system disorder qh ah | ||
| +HG20e sensory system diagnosis qh ah | ||
| +XV4.2e sensory receptors qh ah |
| EV2e | . sensation qh |
| NT | EG12e signal transduction qh ah | |
| RT | +CHe sensory stimuli qh ah | |
| EA8.6 biological stimulation qh ah | ||
| +EW10e PNS function qh ah | ||
| +FGe sensory perception qh ah | ||
| +GF2.24e sensory disturbance qh ah | ||
| +GW4e sensory nerve disorder qh ah | ||
| GW6e sensory motor system disorder qh ah | ||
| +XV4e sensory nervous system qh ah |
| EV4e | . visual system function qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| ST | seeing | |
| sense of sight | ||
| BT | +XV6 visual system qh ah | |
| RT | +FG28e visual perception qh ah | |
| +HG20.2e visual system diagnosis qh ah |
| EV4.2e | . . eye function qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| ST | ocular physiology | |
| RT | +FG28e visual perception qh ah | |
| +XV6.2e eye qh ah |
| EV4.2.2e | . . . eye movements qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| ST | eyeball movements | |
| oculomotor function | ||
| RT | +HG20.2.18e eye movement tests qh ah |
| EV4.2.2.4 | . . . . saccadic eye movement qh |
| EV4.2.2.6e | . . . . smooth pursuit eye movement qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. |
| EV4.2.2.8 | . . . . vestibulo-oculomotor reflex qh |
| RT | +XV8.2.6 inner ear qh ah |
| EV4.2.2.10 | . . . . optokinetic movement qh |
| RT | +FG2.4 tracking (perception) qh ah |
| EV4.2.2.10.2e | . . . . . nystagmus qh |
| SN | Involuntary rapid eye movement is a common symptom of a toxic reaction resulting from drug use and is used as the basis for field-testing for driving under the influence. | |
| RT | HG20.2.18.2 electronystagmography qh ah | |
| OB4e in-vehicle nystagmus test qh ah |
| EV4.2.2.12 | . . . . vergence movement qh |
| ST | ocular convergence |
| EV4.2.2.14 | . . . . rapid eye movement qh |
| RT | FF2.6.4.2e REM sleep qh ah |
| EV4.2.2.16 | . . . . blinking qh |
| ST | eyeblink |
| EV4.4e | . . vision qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| RT | +CH2e light qh ah | |
| +FG28e visual perception qh ah | ||
| GF2.24.4e vision disturbance qh ah | ||
| +GW8.4e vision disorder qh ah | ||
| HG20.2.2e vision tests qh ah |
| EV4.4.2 | . . . ocular accommodation qh |
| EV4.4.4 | . . . ocular adaptation qh |
| RT | +EA22.2e biological adaptation qh ah | |
| XV6.6.2.2 rod cell qh ah | ||
| XV6.6.2.4 cone cell qh ah |
| EV4.4.6 | . . . binocular vision qh |
| ST | stereoscopic vision | |
| three dimensional vision | ||
| RT | FG22.2e depth perception qh ah | |
| FG22.4e distance perception qh ah |
| EV4.4.8 | . . . color vision qh |
| ST | chromatic vision | |
| RT | +CH2.8e color qh ah | |
| GW8.4.6.4 color blindness qh ah | ||
| XV6.6.6e visual cortex qh ah |
| EV4.4.10 | . . . central vision qh |
| EV4.4.12 | . . . peripheral vision qh |
| EV4.6 | . . lacrimation qh |
| BT | +EC2.12e secretion qh ah |
| EV4.6.2 | . . . tears qh |
| EV6 | . auditory sense qh |
| ST | hearing | |
| BT | +XV8 auditory system qh ah | |
| RT | +CH4e sound qh ah | |
| +FG30e auditory perception qh ah | ||
| GF2.24.6 auditory disturbance qh ah | ||
| +GW10.4 hearing disorder qh ah | ||
| HG20.4.2e hearing tests qh ah |
| EV8 | . gustatory sense qh |
| ST | sense of taste | |
| BT | +XV10e gustatory system qh ah | |
| RT | CH6e taste qh ah | |
| +FG32e taste perception qh ah | ||
| +XV10.2 gustatory organ qh ah |
| EV10 | . olfactory sense qh |
| ST | sense of smell | |
| BT | +XV12e olfactory system qh ah | |
| RT | CH8e smell qh ah | |
| +FG34e olfactory perception qh ah | ||
| +GW12e olfactory system disorder qh ah |
| EV12 | . somatosense qh |
| ST | somatoesthesis | |
| somatoesthetic sense | ||
| BT | +XV14e somatosensory system qh ah | |
| RT | +EJe musculoskeletal function qh ah | |
| +FG36 somesthetic perception qh ah | ||
| +HG20.6 somatosensory system diagnosis qh ah |
| EV12.2 | . . skin sense qh |
| RT | +FG36.4 tactual perception qh ah | |
| +GMe skin disorder qh ah |
| EV12.2.2 | . . . sense of temperature qh |
| RT | FG36.2 temperature perception qh ah | |
| XV14.4.2.4 temperature receptor qh ah | ||
| XV14.4.4.4 second pathway qh ah |
| EV12.2.4e | . . . sense of touch qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| ST | sense of pressure | |
| tactile sense | ||
| RT | +FG36.4 tactual perception qh ah | |
| +XH2e skin qh ah | ||
| XV14.4.2.2 touch receptor qh ah |
| EV12.2.6e | . . . sense of pain qh |
| ST | pain | |
| RT | FG36.6 pain perception qh ah |
| EV12.4 | . . internal somatosense qh |
| ST | proprioception |
| EV12.4.2 | . . . vestibular sense qh |
| BT | +XV14.6e vestibular system qh ah | |
| RT | +XV8.2.6.4 vestibular labyrinth qh ah |
| EV12.4.4 | . . . kinesthetic sense qh |
| RT | HG20.6.2 vestibular function test qh ah |
| EWe | nervous system function d-out qh |
| BT | +EH body system or organ function qh ah | |
| +XWe nervous system qh ah | ||
| RT | +EA8e biological regulation qh ah | |
| EA8.14 biological integration qh ah | ||
| +GXe nervous system disorder qh ah | ||
| +HG22 nervous system diagnosis qh ah |
| EW2e | . neuroelectric phenomenon qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| NT | EW6.4 electrical neurotransmission qh ah |
| EW4e | . neurochemistry qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| SN | Chemical processes that occur in the nervous system, involving endogenous substances and exogenous substances, such as ethanol and other psychoactive substances. | |
| NT | EW6.6 chemical neurotransmission qh ah | |
| RT | +YJ2e neurotransmitters qh ah |
| EW6e | . neurotransmission qh |
| ST | synaptic transmission | |
| BT | +EG10e cell signaling qh ah | |
| RT | AJ4.6e neurobehavioral theory of AODU qh ah | |
| EB24e neurotransmitter metabolism qh ah | ||
| +EB28.2e calcium metabolism qh ah | ||
| +XX2.2e neuron qh ah | ||
| +XX2.2.2.10.2e synapse qh ah | ||
| +YJ2e neurotransmitters qh ah | ||
| YV14.4e neurotransmitter uptake inhibitors qh ah |
| EW6.4 | . . electrical neurotransmission qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| ST | electrical synaptic transmission | |
| BT | +EG10.2 electrical cell signaling qh ah | |
| +EW2e neuroelectric phenomenon qh ah | ||
| RT | +EG8e cell electrophysiology qh ah |
| EW6.6 | . . chemical neurotransmission qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| BT | +EG10.4 chemical cell signaling qh ah | |
| +EW4e neurochemistry qh ah | ||
| RT | +YJ2e neurotransmitters qh ah | |
| +ZO4.24e neuropeptides qh ah |
| EW8e | . hyperexcitability qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | State of neurons that fire at a greater frequency than normal. | |
| RT | +GC8e AOD withdrawal syndrome qh ah | |
| +GC16.8 alcohol withdrawal syndrome qh ah |
| EW8.2e | . . kindling mechanism qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | A phenomenon in which a weak electrical or chemical stimulus, which initially causes no overt behavioral responses, results in the appearance of behavioral effects, such as seizures, when it is administered repeatedly. Both clinical and experimental evidence support the existence of a kindling mechanism during alcohol withdrawal. | |
| ST | kindling (neurology) | |
| RT | +GC16.8 alcohol withdrawal syndrome qh ah |
| EW10e | . PNS function qh |
| ST | peripheral nervous system function | |
| BT | +XYe peripheral nervous system qh ah | |
| RT | +EJ8e locomotion qh ah | |
| +EV2e sensation qh ah |
| EW10.2e | . . neuromuscular function qh |
| RT | +EJ10e muscle function qh ah | |
| GL2.8 tetany qh ah | ||
| XV16e sensorimotor system qh ah |
| EW10.4 | . . innervation qh |
| EW12e | . CNS function qh |
| ST | central nervous system function | |
| BT | +XZe central nervous system qh ah | |
| RT | +GX4e CNS disorder qh ah |
| EW12.2e | . . CNS information processing qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 1995. | |
| RT | +EVe sensory system function qh ah | |
| +FGe sensory perception qh ah |
| EW12.4 | . . CNS sensory coding qh |
| EW12.6e | . . brain function qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 1995. | |
| BT | +XZ8e brain qh ah |
| EW12.6.2e | . . . brain wave qh |
| RT | +CD wave qh ah | |
| +HG22.8.6e evoked potential qh ah |
| EW12.6.4 | . . . brain model qh |
| RT | FG24 pattern discrimination qh ah | |
| +FK6.2e classical conditioning qh ah | ||
| +FNe motivation qh ah | ||
| +XZ6e spinal cord qh ah |
| EW12.6.4.6 | . . . . diencephalic brain model qh |
| RT | +EA8e biological regulation qh ah | |
| +EA8.16e thermoregulation qh ah | ||
| +EB2e homeostasis qh ah | ||
| +FNe motivation qh ah | ||
| +XU4.14e hypothalamus qh ah | ||
| +XZ8.4.2.2e thalamus qh ah |
| EW12.6.4.6.4 | . . . . . diencephalic hyperactivity qh |
| ST | sham motivation |
| EW14 | . sensorimotor integration qh |
| BT | +EVe sensory system function qh ah | |
| RT | +FGe sensory perception qh ah | |
| GW6e sensory motor system disorder qh ah | ||
| XV16e sensorimotor system qh ah |
| EW16e | . reflex qh |
| NT | +EM10 respiratory reflex qh ah |
| EW16.2 | . . spinal reflex qh |
| EW16.4e | . . righting reflex qh |
| SN | Any reflex that causes an animal to return to its normal body position in space, keeping head and trunk in alignment. |
| EW16.6 | . . stretch reflex qh |
| ST | knee-jerk reflex |
| EW16.8 | . . inverse stretch reflex qh |
| EW16.10 | . . withdrawal reflex qh |
| EW16.12 | . . extensor reflex qh |
| EXe | genetics and heredity d-out qh |
| NT | AJ4.8e genetic theory of AODU qh ah | |
| +EYe heredity qh ah | ||
| RT | +GH18e genetic disorder qh ah |
| EX2 | genotype, phenotype qh |
| EX2.2e | . genotype qh |
| RT | EX2.8 wild-type genetics qh ah |
| EX2.4e | . phenotype qh |
| ST | character (genetics) | |
| RT | EX2.8 wild-type genetics qh ah |
| EX2.4.2 | . . phenocopy qh |
| SN | An individual whose phenotype mimics that of another genotype but whose character is determined by the environment and is not hereditary. |
| EX2.6e | . genetic trait qh |
| EX2.6.2 | . . dominant genetic trait qh |
| RT | EX6.8 dominant gene qh ah | |
| EY2.2 dominant inheritance qh ah |
| EX2.6.2.2 | . . . autosomal dominant trait qh |
| EX2.6.4 | . . recessive genetic trait qh |
| RT | EX6.10 recessive gene qh ah | |
| EY2.4 recessive inheritance qh ah |
| EX2.6.4.2 | . . . autosomal recessive trait qh |
| EX2.6.6 | . . sex-linked genetic trait qh |
| EX2.8 | . wild-type genetics qh |
| SN | Use with *+EX2.4 phenotype* qh ah, *EX2.2 genotype* qh ah, *+EX6 gene* qh ah, or *EX6.6 allele* qh ah. |
| EX2.10e | . haplotype qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. |
| EX4e | cytogenetics qh |
| ST | concepts in cytogenetics |
| EX4.2 | . chromatin qh |
| ST | chromoplasm | |
| RT | +XA2.2e cell nucleus qh ah |
| EX4.4e | . chromosome qh |
| NT | +ZS4.6e DNA qh ah | |
| BT | +XA2.2e cell nucleus qh ah |
| EX4.4.2 | . . chromosome type qh |
| SN | Includes autosomes, sex chromosomes, accessory chromosomes, etc. |
| EX4.6 | . chromosome complement qh |
| EX6e | gene qh |
| NT | EX10.8 mutant gene qh ah | |
| +EX10.10e oncogene qh ah | ||
| EY4.2.2 polygene qh ah | ||
| RT | EX2.8 wild-type genetics qh ah | |
| +EX8.6e gene regulation qh ah | ||
| +ZS4.6e DNA qh ah |
| EX6.2e | . ethanol-responsive gene qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| ST | alcohol-responsive gene | |
| NT | YC14.10.10 tyrosine hydroxylase qh ah |
| EX6.4 | . structural gene qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| SN | A genetic locus that determines the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide. | |
| ST | protein coding sequences |
| EX6.6e | . allele qh |
| SN | Any one of two or more variants of a gene that occur at a given locus. Each individual in a sexually reproducing species inherits two alleles for each gene, one from each parent. | |
| ST | allelic gene | |
| RT | EX2.8 wild-type genetics qh ah |
| EX6.8 | . dominant gene qh |
| ST | dominant allele | |
| RT | +EX2.6.2 dominant genetic trait qh ah |
| EX6.10 | . recessive gene qh |
| ST | recessive allele | |
| RT | +EX2.6.4 recessive genetic trait qh ah |
| EX6.12 | . sex-linked gene qh |
| RT | +EY2.8e sex-linked inheritance qh ah |
| EX6.12.2 | . . X-linked gene qh |
| RT | EY2.8.2 X-linked inheritance qh ah |
| EX6.12.4 | . . Y-linked gene qh |
| RT | EY2.8.4 Y-linked inheritance qh ah |
| EX6.14e | . genetic mapping qh |
| SN | The process by which a chromosome map is constructed. It involves a variety of techniques, such as cytologic, deletion, complementation, and linkage mapping; in situ hybridization; pedigree analysis, recombinant DNA studies; and somatic cell genetics. | |
| ST | chromosome mapping | |
| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing | ||
| nucleotide sequencing | ||
| BT | +EX8e molecular genetics qh ah |
| EX6.14.2e | . . genome qh |
| SN | The total genetic information present in a cell. |
| EX6.14.4e | . . genetic mapping method qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. |
| EX6.14.4.2e | . . . QTL mapping qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| ST | quantitative trait locus mapping | |
| BT | +EX6.14.10.2e quantitative trait locus qh ah |
| EX6.14.4.4e | . . . genetic correlation analysis qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| BT | +RQ8.4e correlation analysis qh ah |
| EX6.14.8 | . . genetic linkage map qh |
| SN | The linear arrangement of genetic loci as determined by linkage analysis. Loci within linkage groups are ordered by a variety of family, biochemical and cytogenetic techniques and, similarly ordered into syntonic groups that correspond to individual chromosomes. The linkage map is most often represented graphically as the linear array of loci along each chromosome, and genes close together will recombine less frequently than those further apart. | |
| RT | +EY8e genetic linkage qh ah |
| EX6.14.10e | . . genetic locus qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| SN | Any of the homologous parts of a pair of chromosomes that may be occupied by allelic genes; the concept of a genetic locus is somewhat idealized, not taking into account accidents that may occur in meiosis such as duplication of loci as a result of unequal crossing-over, translocations, inversions, etc. |
| EX6.14.10.2e | . . . quantitative trait locus qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| SN | A cluster of genes that account for part of a whole behavior. | |
| ST | QTL | |
| NT | EX6.14.4.2e QTL mapping qh ah |
| EX8e | molecular genetics qh |
| SN | The branch of genetics that focuses on the molecular structure of nucleic acids, the molecular organization of genetic information, and the processes through which this information is expressed. | |
| ST | concepts in molecular genetics | |
| NT | +EX6.14e genetic mapping qh ah | |
| RT | +EB20e nucleic acid metabolism qh ah | |
| EB20.2.2e DNA replication qh ah | ||
| EB20.2.4 DNA repair qh ah |
| EX8.2 | . DNA genetics qh |
| ST | deoxyribonucleic acid (genetics) | |
| RT | +EB20.2e DNA metabolism qh ah |
| EX8.4e | . genetic code qh |
| EX8.6e | . gene regulation qh |
| ST | genetic control | |
| RT | +EA8e biological regulation qh ah | |
| +EX6e gene qh ah |
| EX8.6.2e | . . gene expression qh |
| SN | Gene transcription and protein synthesis. In the nervous system, changes in gene expression are thought to accompany plastic responses such as learning. |
| EX8.6.2.2 | . . . enzyme induction qh |
| EX8.6.4e | . . gene transcription qh |
| SN | The process by which RNA is formed from a DNA template in the overall process of manufacturing a protein. Gene transcription is regulated by gene transcription factors. |
| EX8.6.4.2e | . . . transcription factors qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Proteins that bind to specific nucleotide sequences (regulatory regions) found within genes to control the rate at which DNA is copied into MRNA. | |
| BT | +YMe other biological factors qh ah |
| EX8.6.4.4e | . . . reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| BT | +EX8.10 gene recombination qh ah | |
| RT | EX12.6e polymerase chain reaction qh ah |
| EX8.6.4.6e | . . . reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| BT | +EX8.10 gene recombination qh ah | |
| RT | EX12.6e polymerase chain reaction qh ah |
| EX8.6.6e | . . RNA translation qh |
| RT | EB20.4e RNA metabolism qh ah |
| EX8.8 | . gene interaction qh |
| BT | +EY2 Mendelian inheritance qh ah |
| EX8.10 | . gene recombination qh |
| ST | crossing over (meiosis) | |
| gene assortment | ||
| NT | EX8.6.4.4e reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction qh ah | |
| EX8.6.4.6e reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction qh ah | ||
| BT | +EY2 Mendelian inheritance qh ah |
| EX8.10.2e | . . DNA recombination qh |
| ST | molecular recombination |
| EX8.12e | . gene amplification qh |
| ST | DNA amplification | |
| RT | ET4.6.4 lymphocyte activation qh ah |
| EX10e | mutation qh |
| ST | genomic mutation | |
| mutation (genetics) | ||
| RT | EY10.4.4e genetic variance qh ah | |
| GH18.4e mutagenic disorder qh ah |
| EX10.2e | . mutagenesis qh |
| RT | EB20.2.4 DNA repair qh ah | |
| GG20.20 neoplasia qh ah | ||
| +GJ2.14e teratogenesis qh ah | ||
| +ZG2.4e acetaldehyde qh ah |
| EX10.2.2 | . . natural vs induced genetic mutation qh |
| EX10.2.2.2 | . . . natural genetic mutation qh |
| ST | spontaneous mutation |
| EX10.2.2.4 | . . . induced genetic mutation qh |
| RT | +EY12.4e environmental factors qh ah |
| EX10.4 | . frame-shift mutation qh |
| EX10.6 | . point mutation qh |
| EX10.8 | . mutant gene qh |
| BT | +EX6e gene qh ah |
| EX10.10e | . oncogene qh |
| BT | +EX6e gene qh ah | |
| RT | +XT4.2.8e cytotoxic cell qh ah |
| EX10.10.2e | . . c Fos gene qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| EX12e | genetic technology qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| BT | +EZ biological laboratory methods qh ah |
| EX12.2e | . gene knockout technology qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | An approach used in analyzing the function of a specific gene and determining its role in the development of a certain disorder by inactivating (knocking out) a gene in the intact organism and studying the consequences of this modification on disease development or changes in behavior. |
| EX12.2.2 | . . conventional gene knockout technology qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| EX12.2.4 | . . conditional gene knockout technology qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| EX12.4e | . transgenic technology qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| EX12.4.2 | . . conventional transgenic technology qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | This technology is based on the permanent integration of a foreign gene into an animal's DNA. It allows researchers to evaluate the role of that gene and its protein product during fetal development or to model human diseases in animals. |
| EX12.4.4 | . . regulatable transgenic technology qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | In contrast to the conventional transgenic technology, this system allows researchers to control when and in which cells a foreign gene becomes activated. |
| EX12.6e | . polymerase chain reaction qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | A process whereby a strand of DNA can be cloned millions of times within a few hours. The process can be used to make prenatal diagnoses of genetic diseases and to identify an individual by analysis of a single tissue cell. | |
| ST | PCR | |
| RT | EX8.6.4.4e reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction qh ah | |
| EX8.6.4.6e reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction qh ah |
| EYe | heredity d-out qh |
| SN | The transmission of developmental potentialities from one generation of living things to the next, following generations through the natural process of reproduction.
Use *+EY heredity* qh ah when the mechanisms of heredity are discussed; use *EY12.2 hereditary factors* qh ah when the role of heredity is discussed. | |
| BT | +EXe genetics and heredity qh ah | |
| RT | GH18.2e heritable disorder qh ah | |
| RJ8.2.2.2e twin study qh ah | ||
| RJ8.2.2.4e adoption study qh ah |
| EY2 | . Mendelian inheritance qh |
| ST | monofactorial inheritance | |
| monogenic inheritance | ||
| particulate inheritance | ||
| NT | EX8.8 gene interaction qh ah | |
| +EX8.10 gene recombination qh ah | ||
| RT | +HF26.4e genetic markers qh ah |
| EY2.2 | . . dominant inheritance qh |
| ST | dominant heredity | |
| RT | +EX2.6.2 dominant genetic trait qh ah |
| EY2.4 | . . recessive inheritance qh |
| RT | +EX2.6.4 recessive genetic trait qh ah |
| EY2.6 | . . autosomal inheritance qh |
| EY2.8e | . . sex-linked inheritance qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | The transmission of a phenotype that is determined by a gene located on the X or Y chromosome. | |
| RT | +EX6.12 sex-linked gene qh ah |
| EY2.8.2 | . . . X-linked inheritance qh |
| SN | The transmission of a phenotype that is determined by a gene located on the X chromosome. | |
| RT | EX6.12.2 X-linked gene qh ah |
| EY2.8.4 | . . . Y-linked inheritance qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | The transmission of a phenotype that is determined by a gene located on the Y chromosome. | |
| ST | holadric inheritance | |
| RT | EX6.12.4 Y-linked gene qh ah |
| EY4 | . multifactorial inheritance qh |
| EY4.2 | . . polygenic inheritance qh |
| EY4.2.2 | . . . polygene qh |
| ST | cumulative gene | |
| BT | +EX6e gene qh ah |
| EY6 | . blending inheritance qh |
| EY6.2 | . . genetic codominance qh |
| EY8e | . genetic linkage qh |
| RT | EX6.14.8 genetic linkage map qh ah |
| EY8.2 | . . genetic linkage analysis qh |
| EY10 | . heredity and evolution qh |
| RT | +EDe growth and development qh ah |
| EY10.2 | . . gene pool qh |
| EY10.4e | . . gene frequency qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 1995. | |
| ST | allele frequency |
| EY10.4.2e | . . . genetic polymorphism qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 1995. |
| EY10.4.2.4 | . . . . genetic drift qh |
| EY10.4.4e | . . . genetic variance qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| ST | genetic variation | |
| V subscript G | ||
| BT | +EY10.6 population genetics qh ah | |
| RT | +EX10e mutation qh ah |
| EY10.4.6 | . . . selection (genetics) qh |
| ST | Darwinian selection | |
| natural selection | ||
| RT | EY10.6.2e selective breeding qh ah |
| EY10.6 | . . population genetics qh |
| SN | The branch of genetics that focuses on gene and allele frequencies and their interactions in populations as well as the forces and processes that alter gene frequencies. | |
| NT | EY10.4.4e genetic variance qh ah |
| EY10.6.2e | . . . selective breeding qh |
| RT | EY10.4.6 selection (genetics) qh ah | |
| +WL4.6.2e animal selectively bred for AOD preference qh ah | ||
| WL6e animal strains qh ah |
| EY10.8e | . . biological evolution qh |
| ST | organic evolution | |
| phylogenetic development |
| EY12e | . hereditary vs environmental factors qh |
| SN | Use this term when the role of hereditary and environmental factors is discussed. | |
| ST | genetic and environment interactions | |
| nature versus nurture | ||
| RT | +AJ10e sociocultural AOD use disorder theory qh ah | |
| JD4e risk factor model qh ah |
| EY12.2e | . . hereditary factors qh |
| SN | The term *EY12.2 hereditary factors* qh ah should be used when the role of heredity is discussed; *+EY heredity* qh ah should be used when the mechanisms of heredity are discussed. | |
| RT | AJ4.8e genetic theory of AODU qh ah | |
| +GA10.2.2 biological disease cause qh ah | ||
| GH18.2e heritable disorder qh ah |
| EY12.4e | . . environmental factors qh |
| BT | +PZ environment qh ah | |
| RT | EX10.2.2.4 induced genetic mutation qh ah | |
| JD8e environmental model qh ah |
| EY12.4.2e | . . . socioenvironmental factors qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| BT | +PZ4e psychosocial environment qh ah | |
| RT | +LG16e family environment qh ah | |
| +LM context qh ah | ||
| LN22 level of violence in the context qh ah |
| EZ | biological laboratory methods d-out qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| NT | +EX12e genetic technology qh ah | |
| +HCe medical screening and diagnostic method qh ah |
| EZ2 | biological analysis and measurement qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| EZ2.2e | . cytometry qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| EZ4 | lab culture substrate qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
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