| BGe | volatile inhalant d-out qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| SN | A major classification of depressant drugs incorporating an aggregate of chemically diverse substances perhaps best described as being volatile (tending to evaporate easily) solvents and gases that are usually inhaled and whose effects are short-lived. Some of these drugs have been called deliriants, although delirium is only one of many potential effects and is clearly not restricted to these substances. Many are quite similar in effect to the sedative group; some have certain psychedelic or hallucinogenic effects. Most of these substances are not used medically, although several have been employed as surgical anesthetics. | |
| ST | degreasers | |
| inhalants | ||
| NT | ZC12.8.6.2e amyl nitrite qh ah | |
| ZC12.8.6.4e butyl nitrite qh ah | ||
| ZC12.8.10e nitrous oxide qh ah | ||
| BT | +BS4e inhaled substance qh ah | |
| +YW4e CNS depressants qh ah | ||
| +YW10e hallucinogens qh ah | ||
| +YZ18e volatile substances qh ah | ||
| RT | +EF4.4.4 inhalation, smoking, sniffing qh ah | |
| +ZEe hydrocarbons qh ah | ||
| +ZF6e ethers qh ah | ||
| ZL2.2.2e freon qh ah | ||
| ZL2.6.4e chloroform qh ah |
| BG2 | solvent of abuse qh |
| NT | BB2.14 denatured alcohol qh ah | |
| +ZE8.2e benzene qh ah | ||
| +ZE8.4e toluene qh ah | ||
| ZE8.8 naphtha qh ah | ||
| ZL2.6.2e carbon tetrachloride qh ah | ||
| BT | +BR4e nonfood product containing AOD qh ah | |
| +OH nonfood product qh ah | ||
| +YZ16e solvents qh ah | ||
| RT | +ZEe hydrocarbons qh ah | |
| ZG4.2e acetone qh ah |
| BG4 | aerosol propellant of abuse qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| NT | +BG6.4 product containing aerosol propellant qh ah | |
| +ZL2.2e fluorocarbons qh ah |
| BG6e | product containing volatile inhalant qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| BT | +BR4e nonfood product containing AOD qh ah |
| BG6.2 | . product containing solvent qh |
| NT | BB4.6.6.10 gasoline qh ah | |
| BB4.6.6.12 model airplane fuel qh ah | ||
| BB4.6.6.14 paint thinner qh ah | ||
| BB4.6.6.16 turpentine qh ah | ||
| BT | +BR4e nonfood product containing AOD qh ah | |
| RT | +ZEe hydrocarbons qh ah |
| BG6.2.2 | . . glue qh |
| SN | Glue sniffing first surfaced as a major fad in the early 1960s. Glues containing aromatic hydrocarbons (such as toluene or xylene) were particularly subject to abuse because of the intoxicating properties of these solvents. |
| BG6.2.4 | . . nail polish qh |
| BG6.2.6 | . . nail polish remover qh |
| NT | ZG4.2e acetone qh ah |
| BG6.2.8 | . . plastic cement qh |
| BG6.2.10 | . . rubber cement qh |
| BG6.2.12 | . . model cement qh |
| BG6.2.14 | . . shellac, varnish qh |
| BG6.2.16 | . . household cleaner qh |
| BG6.2.18 | . . lighter fluid qh |
| BG6.2.20 | . . shoe polish qh |
| BG6.4 | . product containing aerosol propellant qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| BT | +BG4 aerosol propellant of abuse qh ah |
| BG6.4.2 | . . deodorant qh |
| ST | antiperspirant |
| BG6.4.4 | . . hair spray qh |
| BH | CNS depressants of abuse d-out qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| SN | Use this descriptor when CNS depressant abuse in general is discussed. For specific substances see *+YW4 CNS depressants* qh ah (because so many CNS depressants both are used therapeutically and are abused, the specific substances are listed in the chemical section of the Thesaurus). | |
| BT | +YW4e CNS depressants qh ah |
| BJ | CNS stimulants of abuse d-out qh |
| NT | +BC caffeine in any form qh ah | |
| BC2e caffeine qh ah | ||
| BD2e nicotine qh ah | ||
| +BK cocaine in any form qh ah | ||
| BT | +YW8e CNS stimulants qh ah |
| BJ2 | primary stimulants of abuse qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| BT | +YW8.2 primary stimulants qh ah |
| BJ2.2e | . amphetamines qh |
| SN | A group of sympathomimetic amines with powerful central nervous system stimulant action. There are several drugs in this class, including amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, and methamphetamine.
Pharmacologically related drugs include methylphenidate, phenmetrazine, and diethylpropion.
Varying only in the degree of control over peripheral effects and potency, the amphetamines have been used medically as appetite suppressants; as energizers and euphoriants; and as antidepressants. They also have been used to combat narcolepsy (involuntary sleep) and hyperkinesis and to promote alertness, retention, and wakefulness. | |
| ST | speed | |
| NT | +ZJ2.10.8.2.2.2e taurine qh ah | |
| BT | +BT6.4.6 schedule II CNS stimulants qh ah | |
| +BT6.6.4 schedule III CNS stimulants qh ah | ||
| +YT2e appetite suppressants qh ah | ||
| +YW8e CNS stimulants qh ah | ||
| +ZN2.10.4e phenylethylamine qh ah | ||
| RT | BJ2.10 DOM qh ah |
| BJ2.2.2e | . . p-hydroxyamphetamine qh |
| BJ2.2.4e | . . p-chloroamphetamine qh |
| BJ2.4e | . dextroamphetamine qh |
| SN | A central nervous system stimulant of the amphetamine type considered twice as potent as other amphetamines but with fewer side effects. Used as an appetite depressant in dieting, as a mood elevator in minor depression, and as treatment for alcoholism and narcolepsy. | |
| ST | d-amphetamine sulfate | |
| dexedrine | ||
| dextroamphetamine sulfate |
| BJ2.6e | . methamphetamine qh |
| SN | A central nervous system stimulant similar to amphetamine sulfate (Benzedrine) but more potent. The favored drug among habitual amphetamine users, who frequently take it by intravenous injection, which produces an almost instantaneous onset of the drug's effects and which many users compare to a sexual orgasm. Manufactured as Methedrine and Desoxyn. | |
| ST | crank | |
| ice | ||
| methedrine | ||
| BT | +BT6.4.6 schedule II CNS stimulants qh ah |
| BJ2.8e | . MDMA qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| ST | 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine | |
| ecstasy | ||
| methylene dioxymethamphetamine | ||
| BT | +BA6e designer drug qh ah | |
| +BF hallucinogens of abuse qh ah | ||
| +BT6.2.2 schedule I hallucinogens qh ah |
| BJ2.10 | . DOM qh |
| SN | A synthetic hallucinogen that is chemically related to *+BJ2.2 amphetamines* qh ah and *BF2.2 mescaline* qh ah and is said to produce an experience similar to *BF4.2 LSD* qh ah; its street name is STP. Its primary effect is a relentless rush of energy that causes users to tremble. | |
| ST | 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine | |
| dimethoxymethamphetamine | ||
| STP | ||
| BT | +BA6e designer drug qh ah | |
| +BT6.2.2 schedule I hallucinogens qh ah | ||
| +YW10e hallucinogens qh ah |
| BJ4 | secondary stimulants of abuse qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| BT | +YW8.4 secondary stimulants qh ah |
| BJ4.2e | . catechin qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| ST | catechu | |
| BT | +ZT6.8.2e chroman qh ah | |
| RT | BJ4.6 Piper betel qh ah |
| BJ4.4 | . arecoline in any form qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. |
| BJ4.4.2 | . . arecoline qh |
| SN | An oily colorless alkaloid with CNS-stimulant properties found in the betel nut. | |
| ST | arecholin | |
| BT | +ZPe alkaloids qh ah | |
| +ZP18.4e nicotinic acid qh ah | ||
| RT | BJ4.4.4e betel nut qh ah | |
| BJ4.6 Piper betel qh ah |
| BJ4.4.4e | . . betel nut qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| SN | Betel chewing is widely practiced in some parts of Asia and the Pacific Islands. Betel (or Areca) nut, the large seed of an Asian palm tree (Areca catechu), is wrapped in the leaf of the betel pepper tree, to which is added a pinch of burnt lime and flavorings. In contact with saliva, the mixture releases *BJ4.4.2 arecoline* qh ah, a CNS anticholinergic stimulant, somewhat similar to nicotine. Betel chewing can produce dependence, and habitual use often results in health problems, particularly diseases of the mouth, including cancer. Prolonged use causes the teeth and gums to develop dark red stains. There have been few official efforts to control use. | |
| ST | betel quid | |
| RT | BJ4.6 Piper betel qh ah | |
| +EF4.4.6 oral mucosal administration qh ah | ||
| EF4.4.6.4 sublingual administration qh ah | ||
| +ZPe alkaloids qh ah |
| BJ4.4.6 | . . Areca catechu qh |
| ST | areca palm | |
| betel palm | ||
| BT | +WK4.6.2.2.2.2 Areca qh ah |
| BJ4.6 | . Piper betel qh |
| ST | betel pepper | |
| pan plant | ||
| BT | +WK4.6.4.2.2 Piperaceae qh ah | |
| RT | BJ4.2e catechin qh ah | |
| BJ4.4.2 arecoline qh ah | ||
| BJ4.4.4e betel nut qh ah |
| BJ4.8 | . kava in any form qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| SN | A drink prepared from the roots of the shrub *BJ4.8.2 Piper methysticum* qh ah, widely used in the South Pacific both ceremonially and socially. The active principles are alkaloids, which produce mild euphoria and sedation in the way that kava is customarily used. Heavy use can result in dependence and medical problems. | |
| RT | +ZPe alkaloids qh ah |
| BJ4.8.2 | . . Piper methysticum qh |
| BT | +WK4.6.4.2.2 Piperaceae qh ah |
| BJ4.10 | . khat in any form qh |
| SN | The leaves and buds of the East African plant *BJ4.10.2 Catha edulis* qh ah, which are chewed or brewed and drunk as a beverage. Used also in parts of the Middle East and North Africa, khat is a stimulant that has effects similar to those of amphetamines. Heavy use can result in dependence and physical and mental problems resembling those produced by other stimulants. It is often used to reduce fatigue and hunger and to produce a feeling of exhilaration. |
| BJ4.10.2 | . . Catha edulis qh |
| SN | Catha edulis is an East African plant whose leaves and buds are chewed or brewed as a beverage. It is also used in parts of the Middle East and North Africa. Heavy use can result in dependence and physical and mental problems resembling those produced by other stimulants. | |
| BT | +WK4.6.4.20.2 Celastraceae qh ah |
| BK | cocaine in any form d-out qh |
| NT | EE20.6.4.4 prenatal cocaine exposure qh ah | |
| BT | +BJ CNS stimulants of abuse qh ah | |
| RT | +BX10 cocaine chemistry qh ah | |
| BX10.2 cocaine contaminant qh ah | ||
| SO4.6 illicit drug industry qh ah |
| BK2e | cocaine qh |
| SN | An alkaloid obtained from the coca bush or synthesized from ecgonine or its derivatives. It is a powerful central nervous system stimulant used for euphoria or wakefulness.
Effects include euphoria, restlessness, excitement, and a feeling of well-being. Users view it as a social drug that facilitates interaction and as an ideal drug in terms of convenience of use, bulk, effects, safety, minimal side effects, and no aftereffects. As with the amphetamines, cocaine users often go on runs (repeated administration of cocaine) and chronic heavy use can lead to a "paranoid syndrome" in which the user is highly suspicious or nervous. | |
| NT | EE20.6.4.4 prenatal cocaine exposure qh ah | |
| BT | +BT6.4.8 schedule II cocaine in any form qh ah | |
| +YR4.2e local anesthetics qh ah | ||
| +YW6e antidepressants qh ah | ||
| +YW8e CNS stimulants qh ah | ||
| +ZP30e tropane qh ah | ||
| RT | OD2.4 freebasing qh ah |
| BK4 | cocaine product qh |
| RT | +BX10 cocaine chemistry qh ah |
| BK4.2 | . coca paste qh |
| SN | The product of the first step in the process of extracting cocaine from the coca leaf. It contains 50 to 90 percent cocaine sulfate and toxic impurities such as kerosene and sulfuric acid. It is smoked in South America alone, or with marijuana or tobacco. Coca paste mixed with marijuana and/or tobacco is known as pitillo in Bolivia and bazuco in Colombia. | |
| ST | pasta de coca |
| BK4.4 | . cocaine powder qh |
| SN | Cocaine that appears as white, translucent, crystalline flakes or powder and is frequently adulterated with sugars or local anesthetics. The powder is sniffed, producing in 1 to 3 minutes effects that last for about 30 minutes. It also can be freebased. | |
| RT | +BX10 cocaine chemistry qh ah | |
| BX10.2 cocaine contaminant qh ah | ||
| EF4.4.4.4e nasal administration qh ah |
| BK4.6e | . crack cocaine qh |
| SN | Alkaloidal cocaine (freebase), an amorphous compound that may contain crystals of sodium chloride (salt). It is beige in color. Crack refers to the crackling sound made when it is heated. | |
| ST | rock cocaine | |
| RT | +BX10 cocaine chemistry qh ah | |
| OD2.4 freebasing qh ah |
| BK6 | Erythroxylum coca qh |
| SN | A bush (Erythroxylon coca) that is native to the mountainous regions of Central and South America with leaves that contain the alkaloid cocaine. It should not be confused with the cacao plant, which produces coca. The mountain Indians of Peru and Bolivia have chewed coca leaves for centuries for a wide variety of medicinal, social, and religious purposes. Its stimulant and appetite-depressant effects were sought to counteract fatigue, hunger, and cold. Besides cocaine, coca contains a number of other alkaloids and provides a rich supply of vitamins, prompting some researchers to argue that the properties of coca lie in altogether different directions from those of cocaine. | |
| ST | coca | |
| coca leaves | ||
| BT | +BT6.4.8 schedule II cocaine in any form qh ah | |
| +WK4.6.4.24.2.2 Erythroxylum qh ah |
| BL | opioids in any form d-out qh |
| SN | The term "opiates" refers to drugs that are derived from opium, such as morphine, codeine, and heroin. The development of synthetic drugs led to the use of the term "opioid," designating both
naturally occurring opiates, semisynthetic opiates, and totally synthetic opiates.
Of all the chemical forms of opioids, only heroin is located in this section, because it is predominantly a substance of abuse rather than a therapeutic drug. Other chemical forms, such as morphine, codeine, and methadone, are used heavily for therapeutic drug effects; thus they are placed in Y/Z and are cross-referenced from here. | |
| ST | opiates in any form | |
| BT | +YW4.2e narcotic analgesics qh ah | |
| +ZQe opioids qh ah | ||
| RT | +BX12 opioid chemistry qh ah | |
| HK2.10.2.2.2 methadone maintenance qh ah |
| BL2e | heroin qh |
| SN | Diacetylmorphine hydrochloride, a semisynthetic opiate derivative isolated in 1898 in Germany by the pharmacologist Heinrich Dreser in the search for nonhabit-forming analgesics to replace morphine. It was named after the German word "heroisch," meaning large, big, and powerful. Although heroin was considered nonaddictive when first introduced, by 1924 the U.S. Congress had prohibited its manufacture in the United States; by 1956 all existing stocks on hand were required to be surrendered. Heroin is two to three times as potent analgesically as morphine, although in equipotent doses the effects are similar. The preference for heroin over morphine in illicit drug use is yet to be thoroughly explained; given the physical factors involved and the logistics of illicit traffic, heroin is the most potent, least bulky, and easiest to conceal of the two, and provides the greatest profit. | |
| ST | acetomorphine | |
| diacetylmorphine hydrochloride | ||
| diamorphine | ||
| BT | +BT6.2.8.4 schedule I morphine derivatives qh ah | |
| +ZQ4.2 morphine and derivatives qh ah | ||
| +ZQ16.4e semisynthetic opiates qh ah | ||
| RT | +Be AOD substance or product qh ah | |
| +BX12 opioid chemistry qh ah | ||
| GF2.28.4.2 nodding out qh ah |
| BL4 | opioid product qh |
| BT | +BT6.4.10.4 schedule II opium and derivatives qh ah | |
| RT | BX10.2 cocaine contaminant qh ah | |
| ZQ4.2.2e morphine qh ah | ||
| ZQ4.4.2e codeine qh ah |
| BL4.2e | . opium qh |
| SN | Juice from the fruit of the Papaver somniferum poppy plant that is dried and powdered. Powder includes roughly 10 percent morphine, 0.5 percent codeine, and 25 percent alkaloids (phenanthrenes and
benzylisoquinolines).
The narcotic from which all the opiates are derived. It is obtained from drying the milky discharge of the cut, unripe seed pod (capsule) of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum), which appears soon after the petals begin to fall. The major natural alkaloids obtained from opium are *ZQ4.2.2 morphine* qh ah (10 percent by weight) and *ZQ4.4.2 codeine* qh ah. Opium has been used for centuries as a medicinal and recreational drug. Medically, it was formerly used to treat more than 50 different diseases. | |
| BT | +BT6.6.6 schedule III opioids qh ah | |
| +BT6.10.4 schedule V opioids qh ah | ||
| +YW4.2e narcotic analgesics qh ah | ||
| +ZQ16.2e natural opiates qh ah |
| BL6 | Papaver somniferum qh |
| ST | opium poppy | |
| poppy | ||
| BT | +BT6.4.10.4 schedule II opium and derivatives qh ah | |
| +WK4.6.4.4.2 Papaveraceae qh ah | ||
| RT | ZQ4.2.2e morphine qh ah | |
| ZQ4.4.2e codeine qh ah | ||
| +ZQ12.2e papaverine qh ah |
| BM | steroids of abuse d-out qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| NT | +BT6.6.8 schedule III anabolic steroids qh ah | |
| +YH4.2.6e anabolic steroids qh ah | ||
| RT | +OZ2e AODU by athlete qh ah |
| BN | other specific drug of abuse d-out qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Use this descriptor if the abused drug or substance does not fall under any of the other categories in section *+B AOD substance or product* qh ah. Combine with the appropriate drug from *+Y chemical substances by function* qh ah or *+Z chemical substances by structure* qh ah, e.g., for laxative abuse combine this descriptor with *YT10.4 laxatives* qh ah. |
| BP | AOD combination d-out qh |
| RT | AA2.6e multiple drug use qh ah |
| BP2 | alcohol and tobacco qh |
| BP4 | alcohol and caffeine qh |
| BP6 | alcohol and cocaine qh |
| NT | ZT6.2e cocaethylene qh ah |
| BR | product containing AOD d-out qh |
| ST | AOD products | |
| NT | +BB4e alcohol product qh ah | |
| RT | MR6.6.2 promotional merchandise qh ah |
| BR2e | food product containing AOD qh |
| NT | +BB4.4 food containing alcohol qh ah |
| BR4e | nonfood product containing AOD qh |
| NT | +BB4.6e nonfood alcohol product qh ah | |
| +BG2 solvent of abuse qh ah | ||
| +BG6e product containing volatile inhalant qh ah | ||
| +BG6.2 product containing solvent qh ah |
| BS | AOD substance by route of administration d-out qh |
| SN | These descriptors are used when substances are being referred to by the way in which they are administered. Do not use these terms when the actual route of administration is being discussed. For example, if a document is discussing the incidence of injected substance use, then use *BS2 injected substance* qh ah. However, if the injecting of drugs and its repercussions are discussed, then use *+EF4.6.2 intravenous injection* qh ah from *+EF route of administration* qh ah. | |
| RT | +EFe route of administration qh ah |
| BS2e | injected substance qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| ST | injected drug | |
| intravenous drug | ||
| RT | +EF4.6e parenteral administration qh ah | |
| +EF4.6.2e intravenous injection qh ah | ||
| TL4.10.4e intravenous drug user qh ah |
| BS4e | inhaled substance qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| ST | inhaled drug | |
| NT | +BGe volatile inhalant qh ah | |
| RT | +EF4.4.4.2e smoking qh ah | |
| EF4.4.4.4e nasal administration qh ah |
| BT | AOD substance by legal status d-out qh |
| BT | +EE10 drug by legal status qh ah |
| BT2e | licit drug qh |
| ST | legal AOD substance | |
| legal drug | ||
| NT | +BB4.2e alcoholic beverage qh ah | |
| +BD4e tobacco product qh ah | ||
| RT | +MN20.12 drug laws qh ah |
| BT4e | illicit drug qh |
| SN | Note on terminology: The term "narcotics" has been used (and sometimes still is used) in the sense of illicit drugs. See the note on the term narcotics under *+YW CNS agents* qh ah. | |
| ST | illegal AOD substance | |
| illegal drug | ||
| narcotics (illicit drugs) | ||
| NT | JT14.4.12.4.4 drug treatment unit qh ah | |
| BT | +BT6e controlled substance qh ah | |
| RT | +MN20.12 drug laws qh ah |
| BT6e | controlled substance qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| SN | Psychoactive substances and their precursors whose distribution is legally forbidden or limited to medical and pharmaceutical channels. (The substances that actually are controlled vary somewhat at
national levels.) Often used to refer to psychoactive drugs and precursors covered by 1961, 1971, and 1988 international conventions. Both at international and national levels (as in the 1970
United States Controlled Substances Act), controlled substances commonly are classified in a hierarchy of schedules, reflecting different degrees of restriction of availability.
Substances controlled under the U.S. act are divided into five schedules according to their potential for abuse, ability to produce dependence, and medical utility. The amount of controlled drug in a product also can determine the schedule in which it is placed. For example, amphetamines and codeine, as pure substances, are placed in Schedule II; however, these same substances, when in combination with a noncontrolled substance in limited quantities, are placed in Schedules III and V. In the following section, substances included in the Thesaurus are arrayed according to their schedule in U.S. law. (Many controlled substances are not used widely enough to be included in the Thesaurus; later editions may add these substances.) | |
| NT | +BT4e illicit drug qh ah | |
| RT | EE6.6 drug scheduling qh ah | |
| +MM20.10.6.4 drug diversion qh ah | ||
| MN20.12.4.2 laws on dispensing pharmaceuticals qh ah | ||
| MP24.8.2 international drug convention qh ah |
| BT6.2 | . schedule I drugs qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| SN | Substances with the highest abuse potential. Schedule I substances have unpredictable effects; they cause severe physical and/or psychological dependence and may cause death. They have no accepted medical use. Some are legally available for limited research use. |
| BT6.2.2 | . . schedule I hallucinogens qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| NT | +BEe marijuana in any form qh ah | |
| +BE2.2e tetrahydrocannabinol qh ah | ||
| BF2.2 mescaline qh ah | ||
| +BF2.4 peyote qh ah | ||
| BF4.2e LSD qh ah | ||
| BF8.4 psilocybine qh ah | ||
| +BF10 bufotenine qh ah | ||
| BJ2.8e MDMA qh ah | ||
| BJ2.10 DOM qh ah | ||
| ZP10e ibogaine qh ah | ||
| BT | +BF hallucinogens of abuse qh ah |
| BT6.2.4 | . . schedule I CNS depressants qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| NT | ZT6.20.4e methaqualone qh ah |
| BT6.2.6 | . . schedule I CNS stimulants qh |
| BT6.2.8 | . . schedule I opioids qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| BT | +ZQe opioids qh ah |
| BT6.2.8.2 | . . . schedule I opiates qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| NT | ZJ2.10.10.4.2e tilidine qh ah | |
| BT | +ZQ16e opiates qh ah |
| BT6.2.8.4 | . . . schedule I morphine derivatives qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| NT | BL2e heroin qh ah | |
| BT | +ZQ4.2 morphine and derivatives qh ah |
| BT6.4 | . schedule II drugs qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| SN | Substances with high abuse potential. Schedule II substances may lead to severe physical and/or psychological dependence. They have accepted medical uses with restrictions. |
| BT6.4.2 | . . schedule II hallucinogens qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| BT | +YW10e hallucinogens qh ah |
| BT6.4.4 | . . schedule II CNS depressants qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| NT | ZT4.20.8.4e glutethimide qh ah | |
| ZT4.28.6.6.10e pentobarbital qh ah |
| BT6.4.6 | . . schedule II CNS stimulants qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| NT | +BJ2.2e amphetamines qh ah | |
| BJ2.6e methamphetamine qh ah | ||
| ZJ2.10.4.8e methylphenidate qh ah |
| BT6.4.8 | . . schedule II cocaine in any form qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| NT | +BK2e cocaine qh ah | |
| BK6 Erythroxylum coca qh ah |
| BT6.4.10 | . . schedule II opioids in any form qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. |
| BT6.4.10.2 | . . . schedule II opiates qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| NT | ZQ4.8.2e levorphanol qh ah | |
| ZQ8.2e meperidine qh ah | ||
| +ZQ10.2e methadone qh ah | ||
| ZT4.10 fentanyl qh ah |
| BT6.4.10.4 | . . . schedule II opium and derivatives qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| NT | +BL4 opioid product qh ah | |
| BL6 Papaver somniferum qh ah | ||
| ZQ4.2.2e morphine qh ah | ||
| ZQ4.2.8e dihydromorphinone qh ah | ||
| ZQ4.2.10e ethylmorphine qh ah | ||
| ZQ4.2.12 oxymorphone qh ah | ||
| ZQ4.4.2e codeine qh ah | ||
| ZQ4.4.4e hydrocodone qh ah | ||
| ZQ4.4.6e oxycodone qh ah | ||
| ZQ4.6.2e thebaine qh ah |
| BT6.6 | . schedule III drugs qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| SN | Substances with medium abuse potential. Schedule III substances may lead to moderate or low physical dependence and/or high psychological dependence. They have accepted medical uses. |
| BT6.6.2 | . . schedule III CNS depressants qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| NT | +BF4 lysergic acid qh ah | |
| ZT4.28.6.6.4e amobarbital qh ah | ||
| ZT4.28.6.6.10e pentobarbital qh ah | ||
| ZT4.28.6.6.16e secobarbital qh ah |
| BT6.6.4 | . . schedule III CNS stimulants qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| NT | +BJ2.2e amphetamines qh ah |
| BT6.6.6 | . . schedule III opioids qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| SN | These can be manufactured, distributed, dispensed, or prescribed in limited quantities in combination with non-narcotics. | |
| ST | schedule III narcotics | |
| NT | BL4.2e opium qh ah | |
| ZQ4.2.2e morphine qh ah | ||
| ZQ4.2.4e nalorphine qh ah | ||
| ZQ4.2.10e ethylmorphine qh ah | ||
| ZQ4.4.2e codeine qh ah | ||
| ZQ4.4.4e hydrocodone qh ah |
| BT6.6.8 | . . schedule III anabolic steroids qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| NT | YH4.2.2e testosterone qh ah | |
| YH4.2.6.2 oxandrolone qh ah | ||
| YH4.2.6.4 stanozolol qh ah | ||
| BT | +BM steroids of abuse qh ah |
| BT6.8 | . schedule IV drugs qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| SN | Substances with low abuse potential. Schedule IV substances may lead to limited physical and/or high psychological dependence. They have accepted medical uses. |
| BT6.8.2 | . . schedule IV CNS depressants qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| NT | ZF2.4.2.4 chloral hydrate qh ah | |
| ZG2.4.2e paraldehyde qh ah | ||
| ZJ2.6.10.4.2e meprobamate qh ah | ||
| ZT4.28.6.6.6e barbital qh ah | ||
| ZT4.28.6.6.12e phenobarbital qh ah | ||
| ZT6.4.2.2e alprazolam qh ah | ||
| +ZT6.4.2.8.4e bromazepam qh ah | ||
| ZT6.4.2.8.6e camazepam qh ah | ||
| ZT6.4.2.8.8e clonazepam qh ah | ||
| +ZT6.4.2.8.12e diazepam qh ah | ||
| ZT6.4.2.8.16e flunitrazepam qh ah | ||
| ZT6.4.2.8.18e flurazepam qh ah | ||
| ZT6.4.2.8.20e lorazepam qh ah | ||
| ZT6.4.2.8.22e nitrazepam qh ah | ||
| ZT6.4.2.8.24e oxazepam qh ah | ||
| ZT6.4.2.8.28e prazepam qh ah | ||
| ZT6.4.2.8.30e temazepam qh ah | ||
| ZT6.4.2.8.32e halazepam qh ah | ||
| +ZT6.4.2.10e chlordiazepoxide qh ah | ||
| ZT6.4.2.10.2e clorazepate qh ah | ||
| ZT6.4.2.12e midazolam qh ah | ||
| ZT6.4.2.14e triazolam qh ah |
| BT6.8.4 | . . schedule IV CNS stimulants qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| NT | +ZT4.16.4e pemoline qh ah |
| BT6.8.6 | . . schedule IV opioids qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| SN | These can be manufactured, distributed, dispensed, or prescribed in limited quantities, usually in combination with non-narcotics.
Includes diferonin in combination with atropine sulfate. | |
| NT | ZJ2.6.6.2.2e propoxyphene qh ah | |
| ZP18.6.2e atropine qh ah |
| BT6.8.8 | . . schedule IV appetite suppressants qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| NT | +ZN2.10.2e fenfluramine qh ah |
| BT6.10 | . schedule V drugs qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| SN | Substances with still lower abuse potential. Schedule V substances may lead to limited physical and/or high psychological dependence. They have accepted medical uses. |
| BT6.10.2 | . . schedule V CNS stimulants qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. |
| BT6.10.4 | . . schedule V opioids qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| SN | These can be manufactured, distributed, dispensed, or prescribed in limited quantities (less than schedules III and IV) in combination with non-narcotics. | |
| ST | schedule V narcotics | |
| NT | BL4.2e opium qh ah | |
| ZQ4.2.10e ethylmorphine qh ah | ||
| ZQ4.4.2e codeine qh ah |
| BVe | measure of AOD volume and strength d-out qh |
| HN | Changed descriptor 2000; through 1999 use "measure of AOD volume." |
| BV2 | measure of AOD volume qh |
| BV2.2 | . standard AOD dose qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| NT | BV2.4.2e standard drink qh ah |
| BV2.4 | . measure of alcohol volume qh |
| SN | Refers to any measurement of alcohol products--for example, serving size or proof. |
| BV2.4.2e | . . standard drink qh |
| SN | A volume of beverage alcohol (e.g., a glass of wine, a can of beer, or a mixed drink of distilled spirits) that contains approximately equal amounts (in grams) of ethanol regardless of the type of beverage. The term is often used to educate alcohol users about the similar effects associated with consuming different alcoholic beverages when they are served in standard-sized glasses or containers (e.g., the effects of one glass of beer are equal to that of one glass of wine). In the United Kingdom, the term "unit" is employed, in which one unit of an alcoholic beverage equals approximately 8 to 9 grams of ethanol; in the North American literature, "a drink" is closer to 12 grams of ethanol. In other countries, the amounts of alcohol chosen to approximate a standard drink may be greater or less than these amounts, depending on local customs and beverage packaging. | |
| ST | alcohol unit | |
| standard drink size | ||
| BT | +BV2.2 standard AOD dose qh ah | |
| RT | +BB4.2e alcoholic beverage qh ah |
| BV4 | measure of AOD strength qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| NT | MN20.2.2e laws regulating the strength of AOD products qh ah |
| BV4.2 | . measure of alcohol strength qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| BV4.2.2e | . . absolute alcohol qh |
| SN | Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) that contains not more than 1 percent water. In statistics on alcohol production or consumption, "absolute alcohol" refers to the alcohol content (as 100 percent ethanol) of alcoholic beverages. | |
| ST | alcohol content | |
| anhydrous ethanol | ||
| ethanol content | ||
| RT | +BB2e ethanol qh ah | |
| +BB4e alcohol product qh ah |
| BV4.2.4e | . . alcohol proof qh |
| SN | A measure of the amount of absolute alcohol in a distilled spirit. The British and the Americans use different systems for measuring proof. The British system is based upon a comparison of equal volumes of water and liquor at 51 degrees Fahrenheit: 87.6 proof equals 50 percent alcohol. The American system is based upon the percentage of absolute alcohol in the liquor at 60 degrees Fahrenheit: 100 proof equals 50 percent alcohol. British proof is lower than American proof for spirits of equal strength. |
| BX | AOD chemistry d-out qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| SN | For chemistry of other specific drugs not listed here, combine the drug name with *+BX AOD chemistry* qh ah. | |
| RT | +CJe chemistry qh ah |
| BX2e | alcohol chemistry qh |
| SN | Refers to the chemistry of alcoholic beverages. | |
| ST | beer chemistry | |
| wine chemistry | ||
| RT | +BBe alcohol in any form qh ah | |
| +ZF2e alcohols (chemical class) qh ah |
| BX2.2e | . non-ethanol components of alcohol qh |
| SN | Refers to the non-ethanol components of alcoholic beverages. |
| BX2.2.2e | . . alcohol contaminant qh |
| ST | alcohol adulterants | |
| RT | +OD2.2 adulteration qh ah | |
| ZA2.10.10e lead qh ah | ||
| ZA2.20.2.12e cobalt qh ah |
| BX2.2.4e | . . congener qh |
| SN | In strict usage, this term applies to the alcohols (other than ethanol), aldehydes, and esters that are found in alcoholic drinks and that contribute to the special aroma and taste of these drinks. However, "congener" also is used more loosely to mean any component of an alcoholic drink that imparts an aroma, taste, color, or other characteristic (such as "body") to a drink. Tannins and colorants are some of the compounds that have been so termed. | |
| NT | ZF4.6e resveratrol qh ah | |
| RT | +EB10.12e ethanol metabolism qh ah | |
| GG20.28.2e carcinogenesis qh ah | ||
| +YA4e mineral nutrients qh ah | ||
| +YBe vitamins qh ah | ||
| +YZ6e food additives qh ah | ||
| +YZ6.4 food flavorings qh ah | ||
| +ZA2.4e metals qh ah | ||
| +ZB2.2e acids qh ah | ||
| +ZF2e alcohols (chemical class) qh ah | ||
| +ZF4.8.2e tannin qh ah | ||
| +ZG2e aldehydes qh ah | ||
| +ZG2.4e acetaldehyde qh ah | ||
| +ZG4e ketones qh ah | ||
| +ZHe carbohydrates qh ah | ||
| ZJ2.6.2.2.2e ethyl formate qh ah | ||
| ZJ2.6.4.2.2.2e ethyl acetate qh ah | ||
| ZJ4.2e esters qh ah | ||
| +ZN2.18.2.2.2e histamine qh ah |
| BX4 | caffeine chemistry qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. |
| BX6 | tobacco chemistry qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. |
| BX8 | cannabis chemistry qh |
| ST | marijuana chemistry |
| BX8.2 | . cannabis contaminant qh |
| RT | +YX10.4 pesticides qh ah |
| BX10 | cocaine chemistry qh |
| RT | +BK cocaine in any form qh ah | |
| +BK4 cocaine product qh ah | ||
| BK4.4 cocaine powder qh ah | ||
| BK4.6e crack cocaine qh ah |
| BX10.2 | . cocaine contaminant qh |
| SN | Includes powdered laxative and powdered sugar. | |
| ST | cocaine adulterant | |
| RT | +BK cocaine in any form qh ah | |
| BK4.4 cocaine powder qh ah | ||
| +BL4 opioid product qh ah | ||
| +OD2.2 adulteration qh ah |
| BX12 | opioid chemistry qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| RT | +BL opioids in any form qh ah | |
| BL2e heroin qh ah |
| BX12.2 | . opioid contaminant qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| SN | Includes powdered laxative and powdered sugar. | |
| ST | heroin adulterant | |
| opioid adulterant | ||
| RT | +OD2.2 adulteration qh ah |
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