AOD Thesaurus.  Annotated Hierarchy.  prevention. health care.  JL - JP24.4
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JLtreatment and patient care   d-out   qh
SN Section *+JL treatment and patient care* qh ah deals with the overall process of providing treatment for an individual, couple, or family. The specific methods used in this treatment are covered in sections *+HA screening and diagnostic method* qh ah and *+HJ treatment method* qh ah.
      Refers to the combination of steps and procedures involved in the professional care of clients and patients. Often the term "client" is used for psychological counseling or social services, whereas "patient" designates a person receiving medical treatment. However, throughout the AOD Thesaurus, the term "patient" is used to designate the concept of "patient" and/or "client" for consistency.
      A treatment target group can be specified by a descriptor from *+T demographic characteristics* qh ah, possibly combined with a descriptor from *+S field, discipline, or occupation* qh ah.
NT+JA2.6e treatment research    qh   ah
+JMe patient care management    qh   ah
+JN patient assessment and diagnosis    qh   ah
+JPe treatment and maintenance    qh   ah
+JP4e treatment program    qh   ah
+JQ health care area    qh   ah
 JT8.8.2e community-based treatment    qh   ah
RT HZ6.2 psychiatric session    qh   ah
 JA2.2.6e treatment outcome in HSR    qh   ah
+JJ8 intervention process and procedures    qh   ah
+JS health care delivery and administration    qh   ah
+JUe health care administration    qh   ah
+MN10.8e patient rights    qh   ah
+MVe human services    qh   ah

JL2etreatment goals   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 1995.
ST therapeutic goal
NT AD12.10.4e AOD abstinence    qh   ah
 AE2.2e controlled AOD use    qh   ah
+JP24e rehabilitation    qh   ah
BT+JA4.4 prevention and treatment goals    qh   ah
RT+ADe AOD use behavior    qh   ah
+GA12.8e disease outcome    qh   ah
+JB4e prevention goals    qh   ah
 MN36.2 goal of punishment    qh   ah

JMepatient care management   d-out   qh
HN Changed descriptor 2000; through 1999 use "patient care."
SN This section deals with the overall process of patient care, including diagnosis, treatment, and its management. Use descriptors from *+JP treatment and maintenance* qh ah, *+JQ health care area* qh ah and/or *+JT health care program or facility* qh ah, if appropriate.
ST client care management
patient care
patient care parameters
treatment management
NT+JP10.8e treatment-provider-patient relations    qh   ah
BT+JL treatment and patient care    qh   ah
RT JA2.2.4e organization of services in HSR    qh   ah
+JP6e patient-treatment matching    qh   ah
+JS health care delivery and administration    qh   ah
+JS2e health care delivery    qh   ah
+JT health care program or facility    qh   ah
+JU8.2.4e patient information system    qh   ah
JM2e.  case management   qh
HN Introduced 1995.
SN An approach to health care delivery that focuses on the complex needs of the patient and emphasizes the coordination and prioritization of all needed services. The case manager is responsible for providing referrals, overseeing the patient's progress, and conducting a follow-up. Case management is used particularly when several health care professionals or organizations are involved.
      Case management models include those in which case managers assess patient needs and strengths and merely link them to existing health and social services and those in which case managers, in addition, provide some of these services, such as money management.
ST client management
individual service coordination
RT+JS2.4e managed care    qh   ah
 JU8.2.4.2 community health management information system    qh   ah
JM2.2.  .  treatment referral   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
RT JJ8.4e intervention referral    qh   ah
JM4.  facility-patient relations   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
BT+LC4e relations between individuals and organizations    qh   ah
RT+JU8 health care facility administration    qh   ah
JM6.  treatment by mode of participation   qh
BT+LW12 mode of participation    qh   ah
RT+JP10.2.4e patient motivation    qh   ah
+JT20.2e mutual help and support group    qh   ah
JM6.2e.  .  voluntary treatment   qh
NT MN22.2.2e voluntary commitment    qh   ah
BT+LW12.2e voluntary participation    qh   ah
RT+JT20.2e mutual help and support group    qh   ah
JM6.4e.  .  mandatory treatment   qh
SN *+MN22.2.4 involuntary commitment* qh ah is commonly used for compulsory treatment. Typically, civil commitment serves as an alternative to incarceration by providing compulsory, court-ordered treatment for chronic AOD abusers.
ST coerced treatment
compulsory treatment
involuntary treatment
NT+MN22.2.4e involuntary commitment    qh   ah
BT+LW12.6.2 mandatory participation    qh   ah
RT+JGe prevention approach    qh   ah
+JJe intervention (persuasion to treatment)    qh   ah
+MN10.2.12e civil liberty    qh   ah
 MO6.14.4.2e pretrial diversion program    qh   ah
 MO6.14.18.4e diversion program    qh   ah
+MO6.14.18.6e sentencing    qh   ah
JM8.  care by level of intensity   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
SN These levels apply to diagnosis as well as treatment.
ST treatment intensity
JM8.2e.  .  brief intervention   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
SN A minimal interaction with a medical or mental health professional ranging in duration from several minutes to several sessions. Because brief interventions are as effective as more intensive treatments for individuals whose illnesses are not severe, such interventions can be cost-effective ways of providing services to more individuals while saving resources for more intensive treatment for those who need it.
      This term is used primarily in the context of treatment for substance abuse and related mental health problems and in psychotherapy.
NT+HZ2.2.2 brief psychosocial therapy    qh   ah
RT+JJe intervention (persuasion to treatment)    qh   ah
JM8.4e.  .  outpatient care   qh
ST ambulatory care
nonresidential treatment
outpatient treatment
NT JT14.4.12.14 hospital outpatient clinic    qh   ah
RT TX10.2.4 outpatient    qh   ah
JM8.6e.  .  inpatient care   qh
ST hospitalization
inpatient treatment
JM8.6.2e.  .  .  length of stay   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 1995.
RT JP12.8e treatment complications    qh   ah
JM8.8e.  .  institutionalization vs deinstitutionalization   qh
HN Changed descriptor 2000; through 1999 use "institutionalization."
BT+JQ6.8e mental health care    qh   ah
JM8.8.2.  .  .  institutionalization   qh
HN Changed descriptor 2000; through 1999 use "commitment (institutionalization)".
NT+MN22.2 voluntary and involuntary commitment    qh   ah
JM8.8.4.  .  .  deinstitutionalization   qh
RT MK10.6e homelessness    qh   ah
JM8.10e.  .  patient processing   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
JM8.10.2e.  .  .  patient admission   qh
ST client admission
JM8.10.4e.  .  .  patient discharge   qh
JM8.10.6.  .  .  patient readmission   qh
JM8.10.8.  .  .  patient transfer   qh

JNpatient assessment and diagnosis   d-out   qh
SN This includes both the conduct and the result of patient diagnosis. Combine with a descriptor from *+HA screening and diagnostic method* qh ah as appropriate.
ST patient characteristics
NT+JP10.2 patient treatment factors    qh   ah
BT+JL treatment and patient care    qh   ah
RT+HA screening and diagnostic method    qh   ah
+JA8.4e needs assessment    qh   ah
JN2e.  patient assessment   qh
SN Continuous and interactive processes that occur before, during, and following the introduction of treatment procedures and are intended to characterize the problems being treated. Also used as the basis for evaluating the patient's response to treatment interventions.
ST client assessment
client evaluation
client pre-assessment
patient evaluation
patient pre-assessment
patient work-up
NT+JG26.2.2e health risk assessment    qh   ah
BT+FV24.6 assessment    qh   ah
RT+HB6e psychosocial AODU identification and diagnostic method    qh   ah
+JU8.2.4e patient information system    qh   ah
+RPe data collection    qh   ah
JN2.2e.  .  patient interview   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 2000.
SN A screening or diagnostic interview to determine a patient's need and eligibility for treatment or an interview when a patient enters treatment.
ST client interview
intake interview
BT+RP12.8.6e interview    qh   ah
RT FV24.4.2 interviewing    qh   ah
JN2.4e.  .  patient history   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 2000.
ST anamnesis
client history
NT HB6.2e patient AODU history    qh   ah
RT RD2.12.2e case history    qh   ah
+RP2e study subject history    qh   ah
 RP12.4e self-report    qh   ah
JN2.4.2e.  .  .  medical history   qh
ST disease history
NT HB6.2e patient AODU history    qh   ah
RT+JU8.2.4e patient information system    qh   ah
JN2.4.4e.  .  .  patient psychological history   qh
HN Changed descriptor 2000; through 1999 use "psychological history."
ST psychological history
JN2.4.6e.  .  .  patient family history   qh
ST client family history
RT+HB6.4e family AODU history    qh   ah
JN2.4.8.  .  .  patient social history   qh
RT+LKe life event    qh   ah
 MM6.2e criminal record    qh   ah
 MU12.16 employment history    qh   ah
 NF22.4.8 student records    qh   ah
JN2.6.  .  patient state   qh
ST client state
patient condition
patient constitution
patient medical and psychiatric status
RT+GA2e state of health    qh   ah
+GA10.8.2e disease susceptibility    qh   ah
+HD2 physical examination    qh   ah
+JP10.2 patient treatment factors    qh   ah
+TK status by ability or handicap    qh   ah
+TM educational and socioeconomic status    qh   ah
JN2.8.  .  disability evaluation   qh
JN4e.  diagnosis   qh
SN A determination of the nature or identity of a disease, typically based on an analysis of signs and symptoms, the patient's medical history, and often on the results of laboratory tests.
RT GA6.4.2e diagnostic criteria    qh   ah
+HA screening and diagnostic method    qh   ah
+JG26e identification and screening    qh   ah
+JP6e patient-treatment matching    qh   ah
+RM22.8e specificity and sensitivity of measurement    qh   ah
JN4.2e.  .  differential diagnosis   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 1995.
ST rule in diagnosis
rule out diagnosis
RT+GA2.8.8.4e multiple pathologies    qh   ah
 GA6.4.2e diagnostic criteria    qh   ah
JN4.4.  .  disease staging   qh
SN The determination of distinct phases or periods in the course of a disease. For malignant disease, the determination of extent and severity according to primary tumor (T), regional nodes (N), and metastasis (M) (TNM method).
ST disease stage diagnosis
RT+GA12.4.6e disease stage    qh   ah
JN4.6e.  .  diagnostic problem   qh
ST diagnostic error
RT+JP12.10e treatment error    qh   ah
+RM24 statistical effects and errors    qh   ah
JN4.6.2.  .  .  overdiagnosis   qh
HN Introduced 2000
SN Determining the presence of a disease or disorder that in fact does not exist and/or overestimating the severity of the disease or disorder. A false positive, type 1 error.
JN4.6.4e.  .  .  underdiagnosis   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 1995.
SN Failing to recognize a disease or disorder that in fact exists and/or understimating the severity of the disease or disorder. A false negative, type 2 error.
ST nondiagnosis
undiagnosed disorder
unrecognized disorder
JN4.6.6e.  .  .  misdiagnosis   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 2000.
ST misdiagnosed disorder
JN4.8e.  .  postmortem diagnosis   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
ST posthumous diagnosis
NT HD12.4e autopsy    qh   ah
JN4.10e.  .  prognosis   qh
SN A forecast of the probable course and outcome of a disease or disorder.
RT+JP14e treatment outcome    qh   ah
+PN2.6 forecast    qh   ah
+RM14e predictive factor    qh   ah
JN6e.  individual needs assessment   qh
HN Introduced 1995. ETOH descriptor 2000.
ST patient needs assessment
BT+JA8.4e needs assessment    qh   ah

JPetreatment and maintenance   d-out   qh
HN Changed descriptor 2000; through 1999 use "treatment."
SN The term treatment is used for dealing with a disease or disorder in individuals who meet or are close to meeting DSM diagnostic levels. Depending on the situation, the goal of treatment is
      - to stop, or at least ameliorate, a disorder or disability;
      - keep a disorder from recurring;
      - maintaining a disorder at the smallest possible level or disabling effect (maintenance)
      Treatment has two components: (1) case identification and (2) treatment for the known disorder (such as psychotherapy, support groups, medication, and hospitalization). Treatment includes interventions to prevent future co-occurring disorders, which are seen as treatment by some and as prevention by others.
      Use these descriptors for documents that deal with the overall process of providing treatment. To index specific methods of treatment then use the appropriate descriptor from *+HJ treatment method* qh ah, possible in combination with a descriptor from this section.
      Combine descriptors from *+JP treatment and maintenance* qh ah with descriptors from *+G health and disease* qh ah or *+JQ health care area* qh ah and/or *+JT health care program or facility* qh ah, if appropriate.
NT JC2.6e tertiary prevention    qh   ah
 PN4.6e history of AODD treatment    qh   ah
BT+JL treatment and patient care    qh   ah
RT FM4.12 emotional closure    qh   ah
+HJe treatment method    qh   ah
+JB2.4 AODU harm reduction    qh   ah
+JB4.6.2e harm reduction    qh   ah
+JT health care program or facility    qh   ah
 MN10.6.4e AODU treatment confidentiality    qh   ah
+MX14e spiritual and religious rites    qh   ah
JP4e.  treatment program   qh
BT+JL treatment and patient care    qh   ah
+JT health care program or facility    qh   ah
RT+JE4e prevention program    qh   ah
+LC2.4e social support    qh   ah
+LW12 mode of participation    qh   ah
+MQ16 general concepts related to organizations    qh   ah
+MV6 type of social service    qh   ah
JP4.2e.  .  comprehensive treatment program   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
SN Should provide a range of levels and intensities of treatment targeted to severity of illness as well as a range of specific services targeted to individual patients' needs.
JP4.4e.  .  co-treatment   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 2000.
SN Treatment program that addresses two or more conditions.
JP6e.  patient-treatment matching   qh
ST treatment matching
treatment options
treatment selection
BT+JA4.6 recipient-intervention matching    qh   ah
RT+JMe patient care management    qh   ah
+JN4e diagnosis    qh   ah
+JP12e treatment issues    qh   ah
JP6.2.  .  patient placement criteria   qh
HN Introduced 1995.
ST patient-matching variables
treatment-matching variables
RT JA2.2.4e organization of services in HSR    qh   ah
 JA2.2.6e treatment outcome in HSR    qh   ah
 JQ12 patient support services    qh   ah
JP8e.  patient risk management   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
SN Managing the risks resulting from the patient's disorder and from treatment against the benefits expected from treatment.
BT+MT10.4.8e risk management    qh   ah
JP10e.  treatment factors   qh
ST recovery factors
RT JQ12 patient support services    qh   ah
+JS2.6.2 health care access factors    qh   ah
+JT health care program or facility    qh   ah
 JT16 health care facility staffing pattern    qh   ah
JP10.2.  .  patient treatment factors   qh
BT+JN patient assessment and diagnosis    qh   ah
RT+FNe motivation    qh   ah
+FR16 attitude    qh   ah
 FS32e help-seeking behavior    qh   ah
 JB12e prevention readiness    qh   ah
+JJe intervention (persuasion to treatment)    qh   ah
 JN2.6 patient state    qh   ah
JP10.2.2e.  .  .  patient attitude toward treatment   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
ST patient perception of treatment
patient views of treatment
BT+FR16 attitude    qh   ah
RT JB10e attitude toward prevention    qh   ah
JP10.2.4e.  .  .  patient motivation   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 2000.
ST client motivation
treatment motivation
BT+FNe motivation    qh   ah
RT+JJe intervention (persuasion to treatment)    qh   ah
+JM6 treatment by mode of participation    qh   ah
JP10.2.4.2.  .  .  .  religious motivation to seek treatment   qh
BT+HZ22e spirituality and religion in treatment    qh   ah
RT FS32e help-seeking behavior    qh   ah
JP10.2.6e.  .  .  treatment readiness   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
ST factors that influence entrance into treatment
RT FD18.20e readiness to change    qh   ah
+JJe intervention (persuasion to treatment)    qh   ah
JP10.2.8e.  .  .  treatment refusal   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 2000.
JP10.2.10e.  .  .  patient compliance   qh
ST client compliance
BT+JA4.12 prevention or treatment protocol    qh   ah
JP10.2.12.  .  .  patient mental stability   qh
ST client mental stability
RT+GZe behavioral and mental disorder    qh   ah
JP10.2.14e.  .  .  patient satisfaction   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
ST client satisfaction
RT+JP14e treatment outcome    qh   ah
JP10.2.16e.  .  .  patient retention   qh
HN Introduced 1995. Changed descriptor 2000; through 1999 use "client retention."
ST client retention
RT TX12.4e program dropout    qh   ah
JP10.4e.  .  treatment provider characteristics   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
SN Includes such provider characteristics as treatment provider empathy, treatment provider genuineness, and treatment provider respect for the patient.
ST counselor characteristics
therapist characteristics
JP10.6e.  .  provider attitude toward treatment   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
SN This includes both positive attitudes, such as provider belief in the treatment and provider knowledge of evidence for treatment effectivess, and negative provider attitudes such as resistance to engage in preventive activities, inattention to screening for possible problems, lack of confidence in own treatment competence, fear of offending patient, and doubt in the effectiveness of intervention.
RT JB10e attitude toward prevention    qh   ah
+JS2.6.2.6e treatment barriers    qh   ah
JP10.8e.  .  treatment-provider-patient relations   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
ST caregiver-patient relations
patient-provider relationship
BT+JA4.10 intervenor-recipient relations    qh   ah
+JMe patient care management    qh   ah
+LC2.18e professional-client relations    qh   ah
JP10.8.4.  .  .  provider attitude toward patient   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
ST health care worker attitudes
BT+FR16.8.4e attitude toward others    qh   ah
JP10.10.  .  environmental treatment factors   qh
RT+AN6.2e codependence    qh   ah
+LG18.10e family dynamics    qh   ah
JP12e.  treatment issues   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 2000.
RT+JP6e patient-treatment matching    qh   ah
JP12.2.  .  pain management   qh
HN Introduced 1995.
JP12.4e.  .  drug prescription practices   qh
HN Introduced 1995. ETOH descriptor 2000.
RT+HRe drug therapy    qh   ah
JP12.8e.  .  treatment complications   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 1995.
RT GA12.4.8e disease complication    qh   ah
 JM8.6.2e length of stay    qh   ah
JP12.10e.  .  treatment error   qh
HN Introduced 1995. ETOH descriptor 2000.
RT+JN4.6e diagnostic problem    qh   ah
 JP14.8 treatment failure    qh   ah
JP12.10.2.  .  .  medication error   qh
BT+HRe drug therapy    qh   ah
JP12.12.  .  treatment side effects   qh
HN Introduced 1995.
ST treatment adverse effects
treatment harmful effects
NT+EE14.4.4.4e adverse drug effect    qh   ah
RT JB8 prevention side effects    qh   ah
JP12.14e.  .  treatment risk-benefit analysis   qh
ST treatment contraindications
BT+MT10.4.6e risk-benefit analysis    qh   ah
RT+MQ8.4.2e cost-benefit analysis    qh   ah
JP12.16e.  .  treatment cost   qh
SN Cost of treatment, regardless of who pays; includes psychological and social costs.
BT+JV4.4e health care costs    qh   ah
RT JA2.2.6e treatment outcome in HSR    qh   ah
 JA2.2.8e utilization and cost in HSR    qh   ah
+JV6.4e health insurance    qh   ah
+MT2.14.2.2.2e economic cost of AODU    qh   ah
JP12.18.  .  continuity of care   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
SN The degree to which required care is provided without interruption.
JP14e.  treatment outcome   qh
ST treatment effectiveness
NT JA2.2.6e treatment outcome in HSR    qh   ah
RT+EE14.6.2e dose-response relationship    qh   ah
+FV22e evaluation    qh   ah
+GA12.8e disease outcome    qh   ah
 JN4.10e prognosis    qh   ah
 JP10.2.14e patient satisfaction    qh   ah
+JP24e rehabilitation    qh   ah
+RF2.6e evaluation study    qh   ah
 RF2.6.4e follow-up study    qh   ah
JP14.6.  .  treatment success   qh
BT+LU6.12.2 success    qh   ah
JP14.8.  .  treatment failure   qh
BT+LU6.12.6 failure    qh   ah
RT GA12.8.6 disease recurrence    qh   ah
+JP12.10e treatment error    qh   ah
JP16.  acute care vs long-term care   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
JP18e.  treatment duration   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
JP20.  acute care   qh
ST treatment phases
JP20.2e.  .  intensive care   qh
ST critical care
life support care
RT+JT14.4.12.8 intensive care unit    qh   ah
JP20.2.2.  .  .  neonatal intensive care   qh
NT JT14.4.12.8.2 neonatal intensive care unit    qh   ah
BT+TA12.2.2e neonate    qh   ah
JP20.4.  .  early treatment phase   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
JP20.6.  .  main treatment phase   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
JP20.8e.  .  treatment completion   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
RT TX12.2e program completer    qh   ah
JP22e.  aftercare   qh
HN Introduced 1995.
SN Health care offered to a patient after the primary treatment is completed.
ST after care
posttreatment activities
RT JC2.6e tertiary prevention    qh   ah
+JP24e rehabilitation    qh   ah
JP22.2e.  .  treatment follow-up   qh
RT RF2.6.4e follow-up study    qh   ah
JP22.4e.  .  long-term care   qh
SN Maintenance interventions are provided on a long-term basis to individuals who have met DSM diagnostic levels and whose illnesses continue or are in danger of recurring. The two components of maintenance intervention are (1) the patient's compliance with long-term treatment to reduce relapse and recurrence and (2) the provision of aftercare services to the patient, including rehabilitation. The aim of both components is to decrease the disability associated with the disorder if it is not possible to eliminate the disorder completely. Maintenance interventions are supportive, educational, and/or pharmacological in nature.
ST extended care
long-term treatment
maintenance care
RT+JB4.6 prevention of disorder consequences    qh   ah
 JT14.10.6e therapeutic community    qh   ah
JP22.4.2.  .  .  respite care   qh
SN Short-term care for the disabled, in or outside of the home, to provide family relief.
JP22.4.4.  .  .  terminal care   qh
ST hospice care
JP22.4.6.  .  .  AODD aftercare   qh
HN Introduced 1995.
JP22.6e.  .  relapse prevention   qh
ST prevention of disorder recurrence
RT+AH20e AODD relapse    qh   ah
+GA12.8.16 relapse    qh   ah
 JB4.4.2.4 prevention of later incidences of a disorder    qh   ah
+JB4.6 prevention of disorder consequences    qh   ah
 JC2.6e tertiary prevention    qh   ah
+JG10.4.14 prevention through personal development    qh   ah
JP22.8.  .  relapse treatment   qh
SN Treatment of a recurring disorder.
RT+AH20e AODD relapse    qh   ah
JP24e.  rehabilitation   qh
SN Restoring and building physical or mental abilities during treatment and/or aftercare.
ST rehabilitation program
NT HP6 occupational therapy    qh   ah
 JT14.8 rehabilitation center    qh   ah
BT+JL2e treatment goals    qh   ah
RT+FE10.4e life skills    qh   ah
+HP8e physical therapy    qh   ah
+HZ18e recreation therapy    qh   ah
+HZ22.6e role of spirituality in recovery    qh   ah
+JB4.6 prevention of disorder consequences    qh   ah
 JC2.6e tertiary prevention    qh   ah
+JP14e treatment outcome    qh   ah
+JP22e aftercare    qh   ah
 MN36.2 goal of punishment    qh   ah
+MV6 type of social service    qh   ah
JP24.2e.  .  AODD rehabilitation   qh
SN Rehabilitation involves teaching and supporting the skills needed to enable an AOD-dependent individual to change destructive thinking and behavior patterns.
BT+HKe AODU treatment method    qh   ah
JP24.4e.  .  vocational rehabilitation   qh
RT+NF8.4.2e vocational education    qh   ah


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