| JGe | prevention approach d-out qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| SN | Different prevention approaches are based on differing assumptions about the causes of AOD use and related problems and how these problems can best be prevented or ameliorated. | |
| ST | intervention approach | |
| prevention strategy or program by approach | ||
| NT | +MP18.2.8e AOD public policy strategy qh ah | |
| NF20.2e affective education qh ah | ||
| +NF20.6e normative education qh ah | ||
| BT | +JBe prevention qh ah | |
| RT | +JBe prevention qh ah | |
| +JB4e prevention goals qh ah | ||
| JB4.2 intermediate prevention goals qh ah | ||
| +JDe prevention model qh ah | ||
| +JE prevention strategy, program, or service qh ah | ||
| +JF prevention by sponsor or setting qh ah | ||
| +JG10.2 individual- vs family-focused prevention qh ah | ||
| +JH2.2e health promotion qh ah | ||
| +JM6.4e mandatory treatment qh ah | ||
| LU8.4.4.8e confrontation qh ah | ||
| +MQ8 program planning, implementation, and evaluation qh ah | ||
| MT8.6.8.2e distribution of consumption qh ah | ||
| +MV12e outreach qh ah |
| JG4e | . systems approach to prevention qh |
| SN | A systems approach to prevention views the community and the environment as interconnected parts, each affecting the other and both needing to work together. Since multiple risk factors are associated with the development of health, mental health, and substance abuse problems, programs aimed at preventing these problems need to include multiple components that target the possible linkage between each risk factor and disorder. | |
| ST | holistic prevention | |
| multicomponent prevention approach | ||
| RT | AJ10.2e systems theory of AODU qh ah | |
| JD10 logic model qh ah | ||
| JG14e multi-level prevention qh ah |
| JG4.2 | . . demand reduction vs supply reduction qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. Changed descriptor 2000; through 1999 use "prevention through reduction of demand or supply." | |
| ST | prevention through reduction | |
| NT | +JG12.16.2e prevention through supply reduction qh ah |
| JG4.2.2e | . . . prevention through demand reduction qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| SN | Information and education, spirituality and religion, alternative activities, and deterrence all contribute to demand reduction. This descriptor expresses a particular perspective on *+JG10 individual-level prevention* qh ah and *+JG12.14 environmental measures to influence individual decisions* qh ah. | |
| NT | MP18.2.8.8e demand reduction policy qh ah |
| JG6e | . culturally sensitive prevention approach qh |
| ST | culturally relevant prevention programs | |
| BT | +MI6e cultural sensitivity qh ah | |
| RT | FE10.4.18e cultural competence qh ah | |
| +MV12e outreach qh ah | ||
| +TH racial and ethnic origin qh ah | ||
| +TZ4e special populations qh ah |
| JG8 | . prevention approach by locus of change qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| NT | +JG10 individual-level prevention qh ah | |
| +JG12e environmental-level prevention qh ah | ||
| JG14e multi-level prevention qh ah |
| JG10 | . individual-level prevention qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Aims to affect individuals' AOD use decisions by effecting change in individuals and their proximal environments, especially their families. Individual prevention has multiple intermediate goals, including changing beliefs or attitudes about AOD, strengthening individual competencies, and restructuring proximal environments, all of which contribute to the ultimate goal of changing behavior, stemming the onset or continuance of AOD use, and reducing the risk for AOD related problems. Although by definition these programs target individuals, they often are delivered in group settings, such as the classroom, the family, or the workplace, or through the media. | |
| ST | AOD control in the phase of choice | |
| host-related prevention approach | ||
| individual-level prevention approach | ||
| influencing the host (public health prevention model) | ||
| person-centered prevention | ||
| BT | +JG8 prevention approach by locus of change qh ah | |
| RT | JD6e public health prevention model qh ah | |
| +JG4.2.2e prevention through demand reduction qh ah | ||
| +JG12.14 environmental measures to influence individual decisions qh ah | ||
| RM10.2 individual-level variable qh ah |
| JG10.2 | . . individual- vs family-focused prevention qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Individual-level prevention can focus on the individual or on the proximal environment, especially the family. One of the narrower descriptors can be used (usually in combination with other descriptors from *+JG prevention approach* qh ah) to indicate that the focus is specifically on the individual or specifically on the family. | |
| RT | +HZe psychosocial treatment method qh ah | |
| +JZe counseling qh ah |
| JG10.2.2e | . . . individual-focused prevention qh |
| HN | Changed descriptor 2000; through 1999 use "individual focused prevention approach." ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| SN | Approach that targets the individual as a self-standing unit. | |
| ST | individual focused prevention approach | |
| individual prevention |
| JG10.2.4e | . . . family-focused prevention qh |
| SN | Approach that addresses the whole family, parents and children, as a unit; it aims at effecting change in the family to create a family environment that will in turn influence the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of the family members. For example, this approach might include home-based parent-child exercises, school-based parenting skills training, and community-wide activities to involve parents in substance abuse prevention. | |
| SN | Targets risk and protective factors specific to the family context as well as interactions between the family and other contexts that may involve the child or have an impact on the child. | |
| ST | family involvement in prevention | |
| family-based prevention | ||
| family-focused prevention approach | ||
| family-oriented prevention | ||
| micro-environment-focused prevention | ||
| NT | JG10.4.6.6e parent AOD education qh ah | |
| BT | +LGe family and kinship qh ah | |
| RT | +JF10.14.2 parent-group-based prevention qh ah | |
| +JF10.14.4e prevention in the home qh ah | ||
| JJ6.4e family intervention qh ah | ||
| LG16.4.2e parental tolerance of adolescent AOD use qh ah | ||
| LG16.6e parental monitoring qh ah | ||
| +NF6.6.2 parent education qh ah |
| JG10.2.4.2 | . . . . family AOD education qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| JG10.2.4.4 | . . . . prevention home visit qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| BT | +JF10.14.4e prevention in the home qh ah |
| JG10.4e | . . prevention through information and education qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| SN | Information and education directed at individuals to influence their knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes towards AOD and their AOD use behavior. | |
| ST | prevention through persuasion | |
| NT | +JH2 health information and education qh ah | |
| BT | +N communication, information, and education qh ah | |
| RT | MP18.2.8.8e demand reduction policy qh ah | |
| +ND16.8 information event qh ah | ||
| +Te demographic characteristics qh ah |
| JG10.4.2e | . . . social marketing prevention approach qh |
| SN | The design and implementation of programs to influence the social acceptability of a social idea or cause by a group. What is to be changed is the thinking and perceptions of individual members of
the group; so the locus of change is the individual.
Marketing is the planned process of exercising influence on customer behavior. In the case of commercial product marketing, the desired behavior is, of course, the purchase of the product being marketed. Social marketing is more complex, in that the product being promoted is more abstract, such as a change in behavior or belief to effect social change. Social marketing programs can be carried out through groups or organizations such as colleges. | |
| RT | +JE6e prevention campaign qh ah | |
| +MI6e cultural sensitivity qh ah | ||
| +MR2e marketing qh ah | ||
| MR6.8e counteradvertising qh ah | ||
| +NA14.6e mass media qh ah |
| JG10.4.4e | . . . prevention through information dissemination qh |
| SN | This approach provides awareness and knowledge of the nature and extent of AOD use, abuse, and addiction and their effects on individuals, families, and communities, as well as information to increase perceptions of risk. It also provides knowledge and awareness of prevention policies, programs, and services, including awareness of deterrence measures such as *MO6.6.4.2 roadside sobriety check* qh ah. It helps set and reinforce norms (for example, underage drinking and drug dealers will not be tolerated in this neighborhood). | |
| ST | increasing awareness | |
| prevention through providing information | ||
| public awareness campaigns | ||
| BT | +ND2.10 information dissemination qh ah | |
| RT | +MR6e advertising qh ah | |
| MR6.8e counteradvertising qh ah | ||
| +NA2 purpose of communication qh ah | ||
| +NA14.6e mass media qh ah | ||
| +NF16.2e AOD education qh ah | ||
| +NK document or presentation by content and format qh ah |
| JG10.4.4.2e | . . . . mass media prevention approach qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| JG10.4.4.2.2 | . . . . . prevention media campaign qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| BT | +JE6e prevention campaign qh ah |
| JG10.4.4.4e | . . . . dissemination of AOD information qh |
| RT | NA6.2e accuracy of AOD information in the media qh ah |
| JG10.4.4.4.2 | . . . . . dissemination of AODE information qh |
| ST | information on the effects and consequences of a drug | |
| NT | MR4.2.4.2 AOD warning label qh ah | |
| MR6.20.8.2.2e AOD public warning signs qh ah | ||
| RT | +ALe AOD effects and AODR problems qh ah | |
| +JG10.4.4.6 dissemination of warnings qh ah | ||
| +MR6.14e warnings in advertisement qh ah |
| JG10.4.4.4.6 | . . . . . dissemination of AODU prevalence information qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | The purpose of this information is to correct misperceptions, for example, by college students, that AODU is higher than it really is. Such misperceptions may translate into norms or may be used as an excuse for AOD use. |
| JG10.4.4.6 | . . . . dissemination of warnings qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | To index AOD warning efforts, combine this descriptor with *+JG10.4.4.4.2 dissemination of AODE information* qh ah. | |
| ST | warning efforts | |
| NT | +MR4.2.4e warning label qh ah | |
| +MR6.14e warnings in advertisement qh ah | ||
| +MR6.20.8.2 public warning sign qh ah |
| JG10.4.6e | . . . prevention through education qh |
| SN | This approach aims to affect critical life and social skills, including decision making, refusal skills, critical analysis (for example, of media messages), and systematic and judgmental abilities.
Where appropriate, index the subject matter. | |
| ST | educational prevention approach | |
| NT | JH2.2.2 health promotion in the classroom qh ah | |
| BT | +NFe education and training qh ah | |
| RT | MP18.2.8.16e harm reduction policy qh ah | |
| +NF16.2e AOD education qh ah |
| JG10.4.6.4e | . . . . youth AOD education qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| RT | +TA12e child qh ah | |
| +TA14e adolescent qh ah | ||
| TA16.2e young adult qh ah |
| JG10.4.6.6e | . . . . parent AOD education qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| BT | +JG10.2.4e family-focused prevention qh ah | |
| +NF6.6.2 parent education qh ah | ||
| +TW2.8e parent qh ah | ||
| RT | LG14.4.2e parenting skills qh ah |
| JG10.4.6.8 | . . . . drinking and driving education qh |
| BT | +AN8.4 AOD use and driving qh ah | |
| +JB2.4.2.4.2e AODR injury prevention qh ah | ||
| +NFe education and training qh ah | ||
| +NF16.4e driver education qh ah | ||
| RT | +JG24 AODR traffic safety measures qh ah |
| JG10.4.8e | . . . peer prevention qh |
| SN | Includes peer education or peer leadership. A peer prevention strategy involves having same-age or slightly older students conduct programs. Often a combination of both leadership and education. The education component consists of peers providing factual information; the leadership component consists of several elements, including modeling appropriate behavior, teaching social skills, and leading role reversals. | |
| ST | peer prevention approach | |
| peer support | ||
| NT | JZ8.4e peer counseling qh ah | |
| BT | +LC2.14e peer relations qh ah | |
| RT | JJ6.8e peer intervention qh ah | |
| +MG2.2.2.4e peer group qh ah | ||
| TW8 peer qh ah |
| JG10.4.8.2e | . . . . peer-led prevention program qh |
| ST | peer education | |
| peer leadership |
| JG10.4.10e | . . . prevention through mentoring qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| SN | Adult volunteers work one-on-one with youth, addressing developmental issues and/or concerns. | |
| ST | mentoring approach | |
| prevention through tutoring |
| JG10.4.12e | . . . prevention through influential people qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Impactors include significant individuals and role models in the community. Their involvement strengthens the total prevention support system within a community. | |
| ST | prevention through involving impactors | |
| NT | +JF16.2.4 training influential people qh ah | |
| RT | JF8e community-based prevention qh ah | |
| MR6.16.2 use of celebrity in AODR message qh ah |
| JG10.4.14 | . . . prevention through personal development qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| ST | strengthening individual competencies | |
| NT | +NF20e affective and interpersonal education qh ah | |
| RT | JP22.6e relapse prevention qh ah | |
| +NF20.4e skills building qh ah |
| JG10.4.14.2e | . . . . resistance education qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Resistance education programs in prevention focus on teaching young people to identify and resist situation-specific pressures and influences - from family, peers, and the media to use alcohol or other drugs. They build cognitive understanding as well as behavioral skills. Includes (1) discussion of multiple influences on AOD use in order to prepare for resistance and (2) developing counter-arguments to messages encouraging AOD use. | |
| ST | resistance training | |
| social inoculation | ||
| social resistance skill training | ||
| RT | NF12.4e media literacy qh ah |
| JG10.6e | . . prevention through social bonding qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| ST | enhance social bonding | |
| BT | +LB16.4e social connectedness qh ah |
| JG10.8 | . . prevention through spirituality and religion qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| BT | +MXe spirituality and religion qh ah | |
| RT | +HZ22e spirituality and religion in treatment qh ah | |
| JF10.16e religious-organization-based prevention qh ah | ||
| +MX16e organized religion qh ah |
| JG10.10 | . . prevention through public commitment qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | An approach in which members of the target group pledge, in a public ceremony (before a group of people), to follow certain behaviors, such as not to use or not to misuse AOD substances. |
| JG10.12e | . . early intervention (young children) qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Prevention measures directed at young children to forestall later problems. Appropriate preschool education can build social and resistance skills, prepare for success in school, and correct developmental delays; all of which decrease the probability of later problems, including AOD use. | |
| NT | +NF2.6.2.2 early childhood program qh ah | |
| RT | JJ2 early intervention (early in a disease) qh ah |
| JG12e | . environmental-level prevention qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Prevention measures aimed at changing the physical and social milieus that regulate exposure to AOD, influencing individuals' AOD related behavior, or mediating the risks that AOD use poses to an
individual. Examples are limiting AOD availability, enforcing AOD laws, cleaning up the neighborhood, and making alternate transportation available to intoxicated drivers. This strategy is based
on the premise that AOD use is a social behavior heavily influenced by the social structures, norms, and other dimensions of the environment in which people live. Prevention efforts must address
the conditions that give rise to problematic AOD use.
Environmental approaches may generally weaken environmental risk factors and strengthen environmental protective factors, foster changes in the environment designed to persuade people to change their behavior, and address AOD supply and accessibility and thus forestall certain behaviors. | |
| ST | ecological perspective | |
| ecological prevention approach | ||
| environment-centered prevention | ||
| environment-related prevention approach | ||
| environmental prevention approach | ||
| environmental-level prevention approach | ||
| environmental-level prevention efforts | ||
| prevention through changes in the environment | ||
| prevention through restructuring the environment | ||
| NT | JF8e community-based prevention qh ah | |
| BT | +JG8 prevention approach by locus of change qh ah | |
| RT | JD8e environmental model qh ah | |
| +LM context qh ah | ||
| +MN20e AOD laws qh ah | ||
| +MN30e public order law qh ah | ||
| +MN32.2 drinking-and-driving laws qh ah | ||
| MP18.8.2.2 drug-free zoning qh ah | ||
| MR2.8.4.2.2.2 voluntary AOD sales agreement qh ah | ||
| RM10.4 group-level variable qh ah |
| JG12.4e | . . social policy prevention approach qh |
| SN | Family, school, governmental, community, and media policies -- both formal (such as laws and regulations) and informal (such as values and norms) -- that (1) regulate AOD distribution and use, (2) provide clear and consistent messages regarding AOD use (or sexuality, school achievement, and so forth), and (3) promote social and economic changes that create more opportunities for education, employment, recreation, and self-development and thus eliminate some of the factors that contribute to AOD use. | |
| ST | prevention through influencing policy | |
| prevention through policy and legislation | ||
| prevention through policy change | ||
| RT | JF8e community-based prevention qh ah | |
| +JG12.14.6 prevention through deterrence qh ah | ||
| +MNe law qh ah | ||
| +MN2.6e legal regulation qh ah | ||
| +MN30e public order law qh ah | ||
| +MO law enforcement and the justice system qh ah | ||
| MP14.20e legislation qh ah | ||
| +MP18.2e public policy on AOD qh ah |
| JG12.4.2 | . . . prevention through policy advocacy qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| ST | prevention through influencing policy | |
| RT | JF8e community-based prevention qh ah | |
| JG12.6 media advocacy prevention strategy qh ah |
| JG12.4.4 | . . . regulatory prevention approach qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Laws and regulations can influence individual decisions or AOD availability and accessibility. An example would be lower allowable BAC for young drivers. | |
| ST | prevention through laws | |
| RT | MN26e housing law qh ah | |
| +MN30e public order law qh ah | ||
| MN36.6.6e asset forfeiture qh ah |
| JG12.6 | . . media advocacy prevention strategy qh |
| RT | JG12.4.2 prevention through policy advocacy qh ah | |
| +MR marketing and public relations qh ah | ||
| MR6.8e counteradvertising qh ah | ||
| NA6.4e portrayal of AODU in the media qh ah |
| JG12.8e | . . prevention through environmental design qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| SN | Prevention through design of the physical environment, which may, among other things, discourage AOD use or reduce AOD related harm. A non-AOD example is the removal of lead-based paint. | |
| ST | prevention through alteration of the physical environment | |
| RT | MM8.2 crime prevention qh ah | |
| +MZ12.2e architectural and interior design qh ah | ||
| +OB10e AODR accident prevention technology qh ah | ||
| +OP4e road and highway engineering qh ah |
| JG12.10 | . . prevention through product substitution qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Prevention of AOD use (or use of unhealthy foods) by making available products that are functional equivalents. Shares with alternative activities the idea of filling a need that is otherwise filled by AOD. | |
| BT | +MT8.6.10e product substitution qh ah | |
| RT | JG12.14.2e prevention through alternative activities qh ah |
| JG12.12e | . . prevention through changing the social environment qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Includes such measures as removing a child from a dysfunctional family, separating an adolescent from peers that exert a bad influence, and removing a disruptive student from a classroom. | |
| RT | LK2.26 change in living condition qh ah |
| JG12.14 | . . environmental measures to influence individual decisions qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Changes in the environment designed to persuade people to change their behavior to reduce AOD use. Directed at environments that encourage, support, and sustain AOD use as well as at environments that have protective influences. Environments include schools, families, neighborhoods, and communities, as well as the broader social and cultural environments that are influenced by legislation, pricing, advertising, and media portrayals of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use. | |
| ST | influencing the environment (public health prevention model) | |
| RT | JD6e public health prevention model qh ah | |
| +JG4.2.2e prevention through demand reduction qh ah | ||
| +JG10 individual-level prevention qh ah |
| JG12.14.2e | . . . prevention through alternative activities qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| SN | This approach provides opportunities for targeted populations to participate in activities that exclude AOD use. Constructive and healthy activities offset the attraction to, or otherwise meet the needs usually filled by, alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use. By providing positive and constructive means for addressing feelings of boredom, frustration, pain, and powerlessness, opportunities for rite-of-passage marking and having fun, alternative activities can help diminish health-risk behaviors such as AOD use. These activities can also strengthen protective factors by enhancing bonding with communities, school, or groups and teaching new interpersonal and vocational skills. | |
| ST | alternative activities prevention approach | |
| alternative program | ||
| creating alternatives | ||
| RT | JG12.10 prevention through product substitution qh ah | |
| LG14.6 family activities qh ah | ||
| MG2.2.2.4.2 peer group activities qh ah | ||
| MP18.2.8.8e demand reduction policy qh ah | ||
| +NF24.4 extracurricular activity qh ah | ||
| +OZe sports qh ah | ||
| +OZ6.2e amateur sports qh ah |
| JG12.14.4e | . . . AOD-free event qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| BT | +LN10.4.2 AOD-free context qh ah | |
| +LN28e social event qh ah |
| JG12.14.4.2 | . . . . alcohol-free event qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| BT | +BBe alcohol in any form qh ah |
| JG12.14.6 | . . . prevention through deterrence qh |
| SN | This descriptor can be applied to the deterrence of various forms of behavior or actions. For deterrence of alcohol or other drug use, use the narrower descriptor *+JG12.14.6.2 deterrence of AODU* qh ah. | |
| ST | prevention through fear arousal | |
| prevention through scare tactics | ||
| RT | +JG12.4e social policy prevention approach qh ah | |
| MM8.2 crime prevention qh ah | ||
| MN36.6.6e asset forfeiture qh ah | ||
| +MO6.6e law enforcement qh ah |
| JG12.14.6.2e | . . . . deterrence of AODU qh |
| ST | sanctions for AODU | |
| NT | MO6.6.4.2e roadside sobriety check qh ah | |
| BT | +ME10.4.2.6 deterrence qh ah | |
| RT | JG12.16.2.2 drug interdiction qh ah | |
| +MN36e criminal penalty qh ah | ||
| MN36.2 goal of punishment qh ah |
| JG12.14.6.4 | . . . . specific deterrence qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Measures to deter an offender from committing the same offense again. | |
| RT | OB10.2.2e ignition interlock device qh ah |
| JG12.14.6.6e | . . . . visibility of enforcement qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| ST | perceived risk of being detected | |
| BT | +MO6.6e law enforcement qh ah |
| JG12.16e | . . prevention through decreasing availability and accessibility qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Measures to reduce the overall supply of AOD in the economy, to restrict access generally or for specific groups, or to lessen the occasions or opportunities for AOD use. Includes measures such as increasing the minimum age for legal purchase, reducing the number of AOD outlets, eliminating AOD sales from gas stations, restricting AOD sales at public events, and refusing to serve more alcohol to an already intoxicated guest. | |
| ST | agent-related prevention approach | |
| AOD control in the phase of use | ||
| influencing the agent (public health prevention model) | ||
| RT | JD6e public health prevention model qh ah | |
| +JF12 prevention in an AOD venue qh ah | ||
| +MT2.10e AOD availability qh ah |
| JG12.16.2e | . . . prevention through supply reduction qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| ST | prevention through reducing availability | |
| NT | MP18.2.8.10e supply reduction policy qh ah | |
| BT | +JG4.2 demand reduction vs supply reduction qh ah | |
| RT | +MN20.2e AOD production and distribution laws qh ah | |
| +MO6.6e law enforcement qh ah |
| JG12.16.2.2 | . . . . drug interdiction qh |
| BT | +MO6.6.8 search and seizure qh ah | |
| RT | +JG12.14.6.2e deterrence of AODU qh ah |
| JG12.16.2.4 | . . . . crop eradication qh |
| RT | +OE4 plant and crop husbandry qh ah |
| JG12.16.2.6 | . . . . crop substitution qh |
| SN | Program in which farmers are paid to plant crops other than those that result in the production of illegal substances. | |
| ST | alternative crop program | |
| RT | +OE4 plant and crop husbandry qh ah |
| JG12.16.2.8 | . . . . planned drug adulteration qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| BT | +OD2.2 adulteration qh ah |
| JG12.16.2.10 | . . . . prevention through access restriction qh |
| HN | Introduced 1999 | |
| RT | LN8 level of access to AOD qh ah | |
| +MN20e AOD laws qh ah | ||
| +MP18.8.2e zoning qh ah | ||
| +MT2.10.4 physical AOD accessibility qh ah |
| JG14e | . multi-level prevention qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Individual-level efforts work synergistically with environmental-level approaches to reduce or prevent AODR problems. | |
| BT | +JG8 prevention approach by locus of change qh ah | |
| RT | +JG4e systems approach to prevention qh ah |
| JG16 | . embedded prevention qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Optimal prevention should build the principles of prevention into the ordinary activities of everyday life and into community structures to enhance development over the entire life span. This would include promoting consensual community values and norms. Another example would be integrating AOD education and prevention efforts into existing college activities, such as incorporating lectures on potential AOD problems into courses. |
| JG18 | . multi-generation prevention qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Prevention programs that target members of different generations within a household to decrease risk factors / increase protective factors for members of all generations or to reach one generation through the other. Examples include working with parents to influence children or working with a household in which adult children serve as caregivers for disabled parents to help caregivers to manage stress, to help ease tensions that might develop in the relationship, and to address AODU risks of the parent. As another example, the Prenatal/Early Infancy Project has clearly shown that positive outcomes can be secured for both infants and their mothers from a single comprehensive interaction. | |
| RT | JA6.4 cross-generation risk factors qh ah |
| JG20 | . duration of prevention effort qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| JG20.2 | . . short-term prevention effort qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| JG20.4 | . . long-term prevention effort qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| JG22 | . intensity of prevention effort qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| JG24 | . AODR traffic safety measures qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Defined broadly to include all measures to prevent consequential damages from AOD use, such as AODR injury. | |
| NT | MO6.6.4.2e roadside sobriety check qh ah | |
| BT | +JB2.4 AODU harm reduction qh ah | |
| RT | JG10.4.6.8 drinking and driving education qh ah | |
| +OBe AOD use detection technology qh ah |
| JG24.2 | . . AOD-safe event qh |
| SN | Introduced 1995 | |
| SN | An event where AOD is consumed but arrangements to prevent consequential damages are made, such as providing safe rides. |
| JG24.2.2e | . . . ride program qh |
| ST | safe ride program | |
| BT | +JB2.4 AODU harm reduction qh ah | |
| RT | +AN8.4.4e drinking and driving qh ah | |
| MV6.14 transportation program qh ah | ||
| +OL transportation qh ah | ||
| TY4.6e designated driver qh ah |
| JG24.4e | . . Alcohol Safety Action Program qh |
| ST | ASAP |
| JG26e | . identification and screening qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| SN | Includes: (1) Mass examination of a population or subpopulation (e.g., pregnant women) to detect the existence of a particular disease or disorder, including AODU, and (2) Tests or measurements for
the presence of particular substances of abuse in individuals.
This section deals with the administrative and programmatic (e.g., implementation) aspects of identification and screening. For specific methods see *+HA screening and diagnostic method* qh ah. Note: Screening is the preliminary identification of a disease or defect by means of tests, examinations, or other procedures that can be applied rapidly. Diagnosis is the definitive determination of the nature or identity of a disease, typically based on an analysis of signs and symptoms, the patient's medical history, and often on the results of laboratory tests. Screening and diagnosis often employ similar methods. | |
| ST | disease detection | |
| problem identification | ||
| RT | GA6.4.2e diagnostic criteria qh ah | |
| +HA screening and diagnostic method qh ah | ||
| +HHe psychosocial screening and diagnostic method qh ah | ||
| +JBe prevention qh ah | ||
| +JN4e diagnosis qh ah | ||
| +JUe health care administration qh ah | ||
| MO6.8.8 evidence gathering qh ah |
| JG26.2 | . . identification and screening goal qh |
| JG26.2.2e | . . . health risk assessment qh |
| HN | Changed descriptor 2000; through 1999 use "individual risk assessment." ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| SN | Attempts to assess drug use based on personal/individual risk factors, such as biological, psychological, and behavioral factors. Does not include environmental risk factors. | |
| ST | health risk screening | |
| identification and screening for potential disorder | ||
| individual risk assessment | ||
| screening for risk of disorder | ||
| BT | +FV24.6 assessment qh ah | |
| +JA8.2e risk assessment qh ah | ||
| +JN2e patient assessment qh ah | ||
| RT | HB4.2e screening and diagnostic method for potential AODD qh ah | |
| +JH2.2e health promotion qh ah |
| JG26.2.2.2 | . . . . early identification qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| JG26.2.2.4 | . . . . lifestyle assessment qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| BT | +LL4e lifestyle qh ah | |
| RT | +JH2.2e health promotion qh ah |
| JG26.2.2.6 | . . . . assessment for AODU susceptibility qh |
| RT | AE8e AOD use susceptibility qh ah | |
| +AK4e internal AODC qh ah | ||
| +JA6 risk and protective factors qh ah | ||
| +JA6.6e risk factors qh ah |
| JG26.2.2.8 | . . . . assessment for environmental AODU risk qh |
| RT | +AK6e external AODC qh ah |
| JG26.2.4e | . . . identification and screening for actual disorder qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| JG26.2.4.2e | . . . . identification and screening for AOD use qh |
| SN | If appropriate, combine with a specific descriptor from *+HB AODU screening, identification, and diagnostic method* qh ah. | |
| ST | drug screening usage | |
| drug testing | ||
| drug usage testing | ||
| identification of AOD use, abuse, or dependence | ||
| NT | +MN10.2.12.2 civil liberty and AODU screening qh ah | |
| MO6.6.4.2e roadside sobriety check qh ah | ||
| OZ2.2e screening for AODU in athletes qh ah | ||
| RT | EE14.2.6 drug monitoring qh ah | |
| +HB AODU screening, identification, and diagnostic method qh ah | ||
| +HB2e screening and diagnostic method for AOD use qh ah | ||
| HF2e urinalysis qh ah | ||
| +HF4 breath analysis qh ah | ||
| MN10.6.2e AODU testing confidentiality qh ah | ||
| MO6.8.2e evidentiary proof of AODU qh ah | ||
| +MU2.6e workplace AOD policy qh ah | ||
| +OBe AOD use detection technology qh ah |
| JG26.2.4.2.2 | . . . . . identification and screening for acute AOD use qh |
| RT | +HB2e screening and diagnostic method for AOD use qh ah |
| JG26.2.4.2.4e | . . . . . identification and screening for AODD qh |
| RT | +HB4.4e screening and diagnostic method for actual AODD qh ah |
| JG26.2.4.4 | . . . . screening for AODE and/or AODR disorders qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. |
| JG26.4 | . . identification and screening by population size qh |
| JG26.4.2 | . . . mass screening qh |
| JG26.4.4 | . . . targeted screening qh |
| JG26.4.4.2 | . . . . blood donor screening qh |
| RT | +JH10.6e communicable disease control qh ah | |
| JT14.12.10 blood bank qh ah |
| JG26.4.6 | . . . multiple-gating screening procedure qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Screening procedure that combines the efficiency of mass screening procedures with the accuracy of individualized assessment procedures. Involves using a series of screening "gates," each of which will use more accurate (and more expensive) methods to identify a smaller subgroup of individuals at higher risk. |
| JG26.6 | . . mandatory screening program qh |
| BT | +LW12.6.2 mandatory participation qh ah | |
| RT | +MN10.2.12.2 civil liberty and AODU screening qh ah |
| JG26.6.2e | . . . random drug testing qh |
| RT | +MN20.6 AOD testing laws qh ah |
| JH | health-related prevention d-out qh |
| BT | +JBe prevention qh ah | |
| RT | +GA4e public health qh ah | |
| +JQ4 preventive health care qh ah |
| JH2 | . health information and education qh |
| ST | consumer health education | |
| BT | +JG10.4e prevention through information and education qh ah | |
| RT | FR16.4 health-related beliefs qh ah | |
| +GA4e public health qh ah | ||
| +N communication, information, and education qh ah | ||
| ND16.8.6 fair, exhibit qh ah |
| JH2.2e | . . health promotion qh |
| SN | Intended to develop behaviors and lifestyles that enhance physical and emotional well-being. Some people do not include this under prevention because the focus is on enhancing well-being rather than preventing disease. | |
| ST | wellness program | |
| RT | +JGe prevention approach qh ah | |
| +JG26.2.2e health risk assessment qh ah | ||
| JG26.2.2.4 lifestyle assessment qh ah | ||
| +LL4e lifestyle qh ah |
| JH2.2.2 | . . . health promotion in the classroom qh |
| BT | +JF10.10e school-based prevention qh ah | |
| +JG10.4.6e prevention through education qh ah | ||
| RT | +NF24e educational environment qh ah |
| JH2.4e | . . patient education qh |
| SN | Teaching patients about disease management, health care, physician services, etc. | |
| ST | client education | |
| BT | +NFe education and training qh ah |
| JH2.6 | . . personal hygiene education qh |
| BT | +JH4.8 personal hygiene qh ah | |
| RT | +GA4e public health qh ah |
| JH2.8 | . . family life education qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. |
| JH2.8.2e | . . . sex education qh |
| RT | FD18.34e sexuality qh ah | |
| +FR24e sexual behavior qh ah | ||
| +FR24.8 responsible sex qh ah | ||
| +GH16.8.4e sexually transmitted disease qh ah | ||
| JH10.2e teen pregnancy prevention qh ah | ||
| JH10.6.2e HIV prevention qh ah | ||
| +JH10.6.6e safe sex qh ah | ||
| JZ12.2 sex counseling qh ah |
| JH2.10 | . . healthy newborn awareness qh |
| RT | JQ6.4.4.2e prenatal care qh ah |
| JH4e | . health related behavior qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| BT | +FRe attitude and behavior qh ah | |
| RT | +EA24e nutrition qh ah | |
| +FR24e sexual behavior qh ah | ||
| +GA2e state of health qh ah | ||
| +GA10e etiology qh ah |
| JH4.6 | . . healthful behavior qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| ST | good health practices | |
| healthy habits | ||
| RT | +GA4e public health qh ah |
| JH4.6.2e | . . . physical exercise qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 1995. | |
| SN | Refers to applied or routinized physical activity. | |
| ST | physical conditioning | |
| regular physical activity | ||
| BT | +GA2.2.2e physical activity qh ah | |
| RT | +HP physically based treatment method qh ah | |
| +OZe sports qh ah |
| JH4.6.10.4 | . . . . yoga qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| RT | +HJ2.6e alternative medicine qh ah |
| JH4.8 | . . personal hygiene qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| NT | JH2.6 personal hygiene education qh ah | |
| BT | +JH10.6e communicable disease control qh ah | |
| RT | +GA10.10e disease transmission factor qh ah |
| JH4.8.2 | . . . personal hygiene in AODU qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. | |
| SN | Safe practices that avoid infection in conjunction with the administration of AOD, such as using clean needles and swabbing the injection site. | |
| RT | JH10.6.4e needle distribution and exchange qh ah |
| JH4.10 | . . unhealthy behavior qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. |
| JH6e | . preventive therapeutic measures qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Prevention of disease through drugs, biological agents, surgery, or other methods found in *+HJ treatment method* qh ah. | |
| NT | +HS8e immunization qh ah | |
| BT | +JQ4 preventive health care qh ah |
| JH8 | . nutrition-related public health measures qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Includes such measures as water fluoridation or adding iodine to salt. |
| JH10 | . prevention of specific conditions qh |
| JH10.2e | . . teen pregnancy prevention qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| RT | JH2.8.2e sex education qh ah | |
| TE10.6 pregnant teen qh ah |
| JH10.4e | . . suicide prevention qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| BT | +JJ4e crisis intervention qh ah | |
| RT | +FS62.4e suicidal behavior qh ah | |
| +FS62.4.2e suicide qh ah |
| JH10.6e | . . communicable disease control qh |
| NT | +HS8e immunization qh ah | |
| +JH4.8 personal hygiene qh ah | ||
| RT | +GA4e public health qh ah | |
| +GA10.10e disease transmission factor qh ah | ||
| +GH16e communicable disease qh ah | ||
| JG26.4.4.2 blood donor screening qh ah |
| JH10.6.2e | . . . HIV prevention qh |
| ST | AIDS prevention | |
| BT | +GH16.12.20.2e HIV infection qh ah | |
| RT | +FR24e sexual behavior qh ah | |
| JH2.8.2e sex education qh ah | ||
| +JH10.6.6e safe sex qh ah | ||
| +NF16.2e AOD education qh ah | ||
| TL4.10.4e intravenous drug user qh ah |
| JH10.6.4e | . . . needle distribution and exchange qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| ST | needle exchange | |
| BT | +JB2.4 AODU harm reduction qh ah | |
| RT | GA10.10.2e needle sharing qh ah | |
| JH4.8.2 personal hygiene in AODU qh ah | ||
| TL4.10.4e intravenous drug user qh ah |
| JH10.6.6e | . . . safe sex qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 1995. | |
| BT | +FR24.8 responsible sex qh ah | |
| +FS38.4 safe behavior qh ah | ||
| RT | FR24.10.2 unsafe sex qh ah | |
| +GH16.8.4e sexually transmitted disease qh ah | ||
| JH2.8.2e sex education qh ah | ||
| JH10.6.2e HIV prevention qh ah | ||
| TW4.6 sexual partner qh ah |
| JH10.6.6.2 | . . . . prophylactics use qh |
| JH10.6.6.2.2e | . . . . . condom use qh |
| HN | Introduced 1995. ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| RT | HS4.2e contraception qh ah |
| JH10.6.6.2.4 | . . . . . prophylactics distribution qh |
| JH10.6.6.2.4.2e | . . . . . . condom distribution qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. |
| JH10.6.8 | . . . quarantine qh |
| JJe | intervention (persuasion to treatment) d-out qh |
| HN | Changed descriptor 2000; through 1999 use "intervention." | |
| SN | Intervention is a general term with many meanings. It is used here with the specific meaning of communicating with an individual (or a family as a unit) in order to persuade him or her to recognize
an existing disorder and seek treatment or to recognize the risk of a disorder and take preventive measures and to develop new, healthier ways of coping with his or her needs and problems.
Intervention can come from family members, friends, supervisors or colleagues (as in an *JF10.6.2 Employee Assistance Program* qh ah), teachers or school counselors (as in a *JF10.10.2 Student Assistance Program* qh ah), clergy, physicians, or judges (who may order treatment). Such intervention is often reactive and is delayed until a crisis occurs.
The impact of an intervention is in its ability to surface and present the crises in the sick person's life to a point where the person chooses treatment. Note: *+JM8.2 brief intervention* qh ah designates a level of treatment. | |
| ST | remedial intervention | |
| BT | +JBe prevention qh ah | |
| RT | FS32e help-seeking behavior qh ah | |
| +HA screening and diagnostic method qh ah | ||
| JB12e prevention readiness qh ah | ||
| JJ8.4e intervention referral qh ah | ||
| +JM6.4e mandatory treatment qh ah | ||
| +JP10.2 patient treatment factors qh ah | ||
| +JP10.2.4e patient motivation qh ah | ||
| JP10.2.6e treatment readiness qh ah | ||
| +LF2 function of intimacy qh ah | ||
| +MN22.2.4e involuntary commitment qh ah |
| JJ2 | . early intervention (early in a disease) qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Intervention early in the development of a disorder. Do not confuse with *+JG10.12 early intervention (young children)* qh ah. | |
| BT | +JC2.4e secondary prevention qh ah |
| JJ4e | . crisis intervention qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| SN | Refers to immediate counseling help for drop-in or phone-in clients who may have urgent problems or concerns. | |
| ST | crisis counseling | |
| NT | JH10.4e suicide prevention qh ah | |
| RT | +HZe psychosocial treatment method qh ah |
| JJ4.2 | . . hot line qh |
| RT | HL4 psychosocial emergency treatment method qh ah |
| JJ6 | . intervention by agent or context qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| JJ6.2 | . . guided intervention qh |
| SN | Intervention by intimates under the guidance of a counselor. |
| JJ6.4e | . . family intervention qh |
| SN | In a family intervention, the family and friends of the person with a disorder are gathered together, educated, and trained by a counselor. Once the family is prepared and the appropriate treatment plan is determined, the actual intervention session is scheduled, in which the family members state their concerns and their desire for the person to seek treatment. | |
| BT | +LGe family and kinship qh ah | |
| RT | +JG10.2.4e family-focused prevention qh ah | |
| +LF2 function of intimacy qh ah | ||
| +LG2.6e AODR family problems qh ah |
| JJ6.6e | . . school-based intervention qh |
| HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
| SN | Intervention by a teacher or school counselor. | |
| BT | +JT8.10.8 school health service qh ah | |
| RT | +JF10.10e school-based prevention qh ah |
| JJ6.8e | . . peer intervention qh |
| BT | +LC2.14e peer relations qh ah | |
| RT | +JG10.4.8e peer prevention qh ah | |
| +MG2.2.2.4e peer group qh ah |
| JJ8 | . intervention process and procedures qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| RT | +JL treatment and patient care qh ah |
| JJ8.2 | . . intervention meeting qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| JJ8.4e | . . intervention referral qh |
| SN | The act of referring an individual to an appropriate agency or professional as part of the intervention process. | |
| RT | +JJe intervention (persuasion to treatment) qh ah | |
| JM2.2 treatment referral qh ah |
| JKe | prevention barriers d-out qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| BT | +JBe prevention qh ah | |
| RT | +JA6.6e risk factors qh ah |
| JK2 | . cognitive prevention barriers qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. |
| JK4 | . social prevention barriers qh |
| HN | Introduced 2000. | |
| SN | Problems in the social environment that inhibit the success of prevention efforts. For example, the existence of different adolescent subcultures may mean that certain individuals are unable to find a group with which to associate, which may in turn predispose these individuals to AOD use and make them less receptive to prevention messages. Another example is the existence of values and norms in a subculture that are contrary to prevention messages. |
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